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Pioneering transgender computer scientist Lynn Conway dies at 86

Early supercomputers pioneer fired after she transitioned

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Lynn Conway (University of Michigan faculty headshot by Charles Rogers and Xerox photo by Margaret Moulton)

BY ERIN REED | Tuesday, news broke that transgender woman and computer pioneer Lynn ConwayĀ passed away at the age of 86. Her story is nothing short of remarkable.

Conway helped pioneer early supercomputers at IBM but was fired after she transitioned. She went ā€œstealthā€ and had to rebuild her career from the ground up, starting as a contract programmer at Xerox with ā€œno experience.ā€

Then, she did it all over again,Ā pioneering VLSI ā€” a groundbreaking technology that allowed for microchips to be made small enough to fit in your pocket, paving the way for smartphones and personal computers. In 1999, sheĀ broke stealth, becoming an outspoken advocate for transgender people.

Conway first attempted to transition at MIT in 1957 at 19-years-old. At the time, the environment was not accepting enough for trans people to do so. She would have faced enormous barriers to medical transition, as few doctors were knowledgeable enough to prescribe hormone therapy a the time. Like many trans people seeing enormous barriers to care, she spent the following years closeted.

Eventually, she was hired by IBM where she helped develop the worldā€™s fastest supercomputer at the time on the Advanced Computing System (ACS) project. The computer would become the first to use a ā€œsuperscalarā€ design, which made it capable of performing several tasks at once, dramatically improving its performance and making it much faster than previous computers. Despite her pivotal role in the project, she was fired when she informed her employer that she wanted to transition.

What she did next is nothing short of remarkable. Realizing that as an openly trans woman in 1968, few companies would hire her, she went ā€œstealthā€ and pretended she had no significant prior experience in computers.

She quickly advanced through the ranks and was hired by Xerox, where she famously developed VLSI, or Very Large Scale Integration. This groundbreaking technology allowed for thousands of transistors to be packed onto a single chip, revolutionizing electronics by making cell phones and modern computers possible through miniaturization and increased processing power.

Conway didnā€™t stop there. After gaining fame for her computer innovations, she came out in 1999 to advocate for trans people. She was among the early critics of Dr. Kenneth Zucker, an anti-trans researcher still cited today by those working to ban gender-affirming care.

Conway slammed Zucker for practicing ā€œreparative therapy,ā€ a euphemism for conversion therapy. Notably, Zuckerā€™s research continues to makeĀ false claimsĀ that ā€œ80 percent of transgender kids desist from being trans,ā€ numbers based on his clinic’s practices, which closely mirrored gay conversion therapy. That clinic has since been shut down over those practices.

Often, those opposed to trans people paint a picture of gender transition as something new, unique, or unsustainable. Similarly, many who transition are told they cannot be successful as trans individuals.

Such claims are often weaponized by anti-trans activists like Matt Walsh, who once mockingly asked, ā€œWhat exactly have ā€˜transgender Americansā€™ contributed?ā€ Conwayā€™s life was a resounding rebuke to these attacks. She attempted to transition at a young age in the 1950s, revolutionized computing twice from scratch, and made the cell phone Walsh likely used to post such a question possible.

Perhaps more importantly, Conwayā€™s life gave trans people another gift: A visible example that we can grow old, and a reminder that we have always been here. In a world where so many of us have had to hide in silence or stealth, where representation has been denied, and where we are told that our lives will be too dangerous to live, Conway proved that one can be trans and live a long, fulfilling, and proud life.

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Erin Reed is a transgender woman (she/her pronouns) and researcher who tracks anti-LGBTQ+ legislation around the world and helps people become better advocates for their queer family, friends, colleagues, and community. Reed also is a social media consultant and public speaker.

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The preceding article was first published at Erin In The Morning and is republished with permission.

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Obituary

George Jackson, dance critic and author, dies at 92

Longtime D.C. resident served as career scientist with U.S. government

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George Jackson (Courtesy photo)

Longtime D.C. resident George Jackson, a highly acclaimed dance critic and dance historian who wrote dance reviews for publications including the New York Times and the Washington Post ā€” all while working in his day job as a microbiologist for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ā€” died Aug. 5 of natural causes at the age of 92.

Friends said he passed away peacefully in his sleep in New York City, where he recently moved to be close to his husband and partner of many years, dance photographer Costas Cacaroukas, who shared Jacksonā€™s intense interest in the performing art of dance, especially ballet.

Biographical write-ups on Jackson show he was born in Vienna, Austria, on Dec. 10, 1931, and placed on a train by his parents in 1938 at the age of 7 and sent to London to be with cousins to escape the Nazi invasion of Austria as a member of a Jewish family. His birth name was Hans Georg Jakobowicz, which he later Americanized to George Jackson.

He was reunited with his parents, and the family moved to Chicago, where he grew up and saw his first dance performance at the age of 14 ā€œand fell in love with the art form,ā€ according to a 2021 tribute to Jackson by the publication Dance View Times. It says Jackson continued to patronize dance performances and later became a student at the University of Chicago, where he studied microbiology and became a microbiologist.

In a December 2011 interview with the Washington City Paper, Jackson said he took ballet lessons before starting his studies at the University of Chicago. He said the editor of the student newspaper had heard he was interested in dance and asked him to write dance reviews for the paper. ā€œThatā€™s how I got started,ā€ he told the City Paper.

Jackson said in the interview that he moved to Washington ā€œbecause a very good job opened with the Food and Drug Administration,ā€ where he soon began work as a food parasitologist, which was his specialty.

He said around that time he was writing dance reviews for the publications Dance News and Dance magazine before both the Washington Post and then Washington Star invited him to do dance reviews. He said he began doing reviews first for the Star, which has since gone out of business, and then for the Post.

Although he started doing dance reviews in D.C. around 1972, Jackson told the City Paper he wrote his first review in 1950. Since then, according to a write-up by fellow dance critic and author Alastair Macaulay, Jacksonā€™s reviews as well as essays about dance, have appeared in multiple publications, including the New York Times, Washington Post, Washington Dance View, Dance Magazine, Dance Now, the German magazine Balliett, ā€œand many others.ā€

The Dance View Times tribute to Jackson says, ā€œHe used his scientistā€™s eye and analytical mind to comment on what he saw but his writing is vivid, descriptive as well as analytical.ā€

In his Washington City Paper interview in December 2011, Jackson announced he was retiring as a dance critic at that time at the age of 80. But he said he was not about to stop writing.

To the delight of many of his followers, Jackson went on to write two historic novels, one in 2014 called ā€œKing of Jerusalem,ā€ a fictional account of the life of Otto von Habsburg, the last crown prince of Austria-Hungry and heir to the ancient title of King of Jerusalem. The second novel, published in 2018, ā€œBurn Berlin, Burn,ā€ is a fictional mystery account of who the arsonist was in the 1933 burning of the Reichstag parliament building in Berlin at the time of the Nazi takeover of Germany.

Both books, in paperback and that remain available through Amazon, bear the name of Hans Georg Jakobowicz, Jacksonā€™s birth name, as the author.

ā€œMany of us also knew George as a figure of great courtesy,ā€ fellow dance critic and author Macauley says in his Aug. 14. tribute to Jackson. ā€œHe never seemed to proclaim the importance of his opinions, but he was eager to share enthusiasm and information, historical information not the least.ā€  

Jackson is survived by his husband Costas Cacaroukas of New York and many friends in Washington, across the nation, and in Europe. No immediate plans have been announced for a memorial service or celebration of life.

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D.C. theater community mourns passing of H. Lee Gable

Served as director, producer, administrator for more than three decades

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(Courtesy photo)

H. Lee Gable, a well-known figure in the D.C. theater community for more than 30 years and was the founding Artistic Director of D.C.ā€™s Rainbow Theatre Project, died suddenly on July 26, 2024, according to a statement released by Rainbow Theatre Project publicist Alexandra Nowicki.

The statement says Gable, 62, served as artistic director for the Rainbow Theatre Project from the time of its founding in 2013 to 2022. The project describes itself on its website as a ā€œpremier theatre for the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender & Queer (LGBTQ) community in the Nationā€™s Capital by presenting plays and musicals that reflect the unique experiences, interests and history of the LGBTQ community.ā€

According to the statement, Gableā€™s longstanding involvement in theatrical endeavors includes administrative positions with the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, the Washington Shakespeare Company, the Shakespeare Theatre Company, the Studio Theatre, and the Helen Hayes Awards.

It says he served as Founding Artistic Director for the Phoenix Theatre from 1998 to 2000, and as Director for the Washington Shakespeare Company from 2004 to 2006. He also served as Managing Director for the Washington Shakespeare Company for its 2006 to 2007 season, where he directed the plays ā€œThe Night of the Iguana,ā€ ā€œThe Childrenā€™s Hour,ā€ and ā€œPrivate Lives,ā€ the statement says.

For the Phoenix Theater, Gable directed the plays ā€œInside/Out,ā€ ā€œThe White House Murder Case,ā€ and ā€œ3 by Sylvia.ā€ As if that were not enough, it says he directed the plays ā€œGod of Hellā€ for the Didactic Theatre and ā€œBallycastleā€ for the Source Theatre Festival.

It adds that for the Rainbow Theatre Project, Gable directed the plays ā€œGet Used To Itā€ and ā€œIn The Closet.ā€

The statement says at the time of his death, Gable was serving as a treasurer for the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. It says a memorial service is being planned for this autumn. 

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Gay baseball trailblazer Billy Bean dead at 60

MLB executive was last living former pro player to have come out

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Billy Bean threw out the first pitch at the Night Out at the Orioles in Baltimore on June 12, 2019. Bean died on Aug. 6, 2024, at the age of 60. (Washington Blade photo by Kevin Majoros)

He achieved his lifelong dream of becoming a major league baseball player at 23, but Billy Bean gave it all up at 31 because he fell in love with another man. Bean, MLBā€™s senior vice president for diversity, equity and inclusion, died at home in New York on Tuesday after an 11-month-long battle with acute myeloid leukemia. Major League Baseball announced his death.

Bean was 60, and leaves a husband, Greg Baker.

Bean did not come out publicly until he left the game, in 1999, following an article in the Miami Herald that outed him. That led to even bigger stories in the New York Times and television interviews about being a closeted athlete. He wrote a book, ā€œGoing the Other Way.ā€ For decades, Bean was the only living former baseball player to have come out as gay, following Glenn Burke.

Four years ago, Bean recorded an emotional video about coming out and how baseball has changed, titled ā€œDear Glenn Burke: A Letter from Billy Bean.ā€

However, the biggest impact Bean had on the game and on all professional sports came in 2014, when he was hired by former Commissioner Bud Selig to be MLBā€™s first ambassador for inclusion. He spent more than 10 years working for MLB, eventually being promoted to senior vice president.

Bean worked with pro baseball players and their clubs to, in his words, ā€œadvance equality for all players, coaches, managers, umpires, employees, and stakeholders throughout baseball to ensure an equitable, inclusive, and supportive workplace for everyone.ā€

The California nativeā€™s athletic career started as a two-time All-American outfielder at Loyola Marymount, then Bean played six seasons of pro ball. He was drafted by the New York Yankees in 1985, but returned to Loyola for his senior year, leading the team to the NCAA Menā€™s College World Series.

The Detroit Tigers drafted him the following year, and Bean made his debut in 1987 with a four-hit performance that tied a record for a player in his first game. Bean went on to play for the Los Angeles Dodgers, the San Diego Padres, in Japan as well as in the minor leagues.

But he hung up his mitt in 1995, when the lefty outfielder ā€” who at that time was married to a woman ā€” lost his first partner, Sam. He died of HIV-related causes in Beanā€™s final season. They had fallen in love on a road trip in Miami.

That 1999 Miami Herald article that outed him was a review of the restaurant he co-owned with his partner at that time. He had already told his parents in 1996, but Bean once told the LGBTQ sports site Outsports he still regretted ending his career in the closet.

ā€œIf I had only told my parents, I probably would have played two or three more years and understood that I could come out a step at a time, not have to do it in front of a microphone. And I was completely misguided. I had no mentor. I think that’s where the responsibility comes in for people who have lived that experience, and we take for granted that everybody’s adjusted and gets it. I had no one to confide in and that was the biggest mistake of my professional life was to think that if one person knew, everybody knew.

Just having some kind of ally at that time, I think I would have changed and I think I would have played so much better. You can appreciate the degree of despair when you’re hiding something and you’re on the bubble as it is. It just was a really frustrating time for me.ā€

At MLB, Bean led the charge for baseball teams to hold Pride nights, especially following the COVID-19 pandemic.

ā€œThe beginning of Pride month alongside fans returning to our MLB ballparks is tremendously exciting,ā€ Bean told the Los Angeles Blade in June 2021. Ā ā€œThe past year has been difficult for everyone, and I am so appreciative that our clubs are able to reach out and support the LGBTQ community in such a positive way.ā€

The league, baseball teams, his alma mater and LGBTQ advocates and allies posted remembrances and tributes to Bean on social media following news of his passing.

Funeral arrangements were not announced as of press time.

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