National
Locked up in the Land of Liberty: Part III
Yariel Valdés González was granted asylum on Sept. 18, 2019
Editor’s note: Washington Blade contributor Yariel Valdés González fled his native Cuba to escape persecution because of his work as an independent journalist. He asked for asylum in the U.S. on March 27, 2019. He spent nearly a year in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement custody until his release on March 4, 2020.
Valdés has written about his experiences in ICE custody that the Blade is publishing in four parts. The Blade has already published parts I and II.
Doomsday (Sept. 18, 2019)
My third and final hearing finally took place on Sept. 18. It was more than three hours of questions from my lawyer and the prosecutor, of allegations and tension. A lot of tension. My fate would be decided as the sacred scriptures predict will occur one day for humanity.
Lara and I the night before spent our time reviewing my testimony, the difficult questions we could expect, and it tested my ability to react to unexpected situations. I came out of the meeting much calmer, although I would have preferred extra hours to feel totally confident when I was in front of His Honor.
My mind and senses were more focused when the time came. I was much stronger to face this defining moment in my life. Several changes in the context also contributed to this: They changed the judge a few weeks earlier. He is no longer the esteemed Grady A. Crooks, but Timothy Cole, a Miami magistrate who had already granted asylum to a few Cubans in Bossier. The possibility that my lawyer would be next to me during the hearing, the 12-day extension and the date of my final hearing were other changes that contributed to me feeling more secure on the stand.
After she took an oath before the laws of this country by standing with her right hand raised, my legal representative had one hour to present my case and offer my oral testimony. It was then when I remembered one of her recommendations, which was to always respond like a boxer’s sharp blow: Direct, concise and sure, since I was prone to ramble and sometimes veer off subject.
“The questions should be answered only with what is necessary to avoid possibilities for errors, wasting time or other questions,” recommended Lara. “Every word can and will be used against you here, that is why you have to be extremely careful when speaking.”
Lara’s part passed without many interruptions. I felt calm and sure of myself. The judge typed on his computer, reviewed papers and arranged files while I testified. He didn’t ask me any questions, so I hadn’t planted any doubts for him. It was a magnificent sign.
The only problems at that point had been with the interpreter, a middle-aged man who was probably of Cuban origin, who came up blank with words as simple as “subversion” and was nervous, like he was a rookie on his first day of work. Maybe it was. The thing with translators is that you have to cut off the oratory, mutilate the ideas to give them time to do their work. It’s like talking to someone who interrupts you all the time.
The government prosecutor had 45 minutes for cross-examination, the most feared part of the trial. I would have a high likelihood of winning if I successfully overcame his questions.
The man’s voice reached me in an accusatory tone, as if I were being tried for some heinous crime. His voice was a merciless whip on my back, seeking to whip me like a vile sinner. One by one he took the evidence from me in his attempt to discredit me, to present me to His Honor as a liar and vehemently pointed out some inconsistencies, which I clarified in due course.
As I answered his questions, at times tinged with irony, anguish enveloped my head in a balloon of pessimism and nerves. I must admit the prosecutor did his job very well. He searched and scoured the internet and looked closely at every piece of evidence I had given him.
Lara took notes on her computer during his cross-examination and made several objections when she perceived any malicious practice or intention from the Department of Homeland Security representative.
My lawyer had a second chance with me, this time to clarify some questions my indomitable opponent raised and to re-ask some questions that, at the prosecutor’s insistence, I could not answer properly. Those were fortunately my last words at the hearing and the interpreter then left the room.
His Honor ordered both parties to make their closing arguments. Lara, in my defense, stated that there was no doubt about my work as an independent journalist in Cuba or that I had been threatened and persecuted by State Security agents as part of a pattern of intimidation, orchestrated by the Cuban dictatorship to stop the work of the free press on the island.
There was enough evidence of the conditions of the country for “unofficial” reporters, considered as machines “subverted” of socialist principles and disseminators of “false news without foundation.” The evidence of the attacks against me confirmed that I had been and was still a target to be watched by the regime and that my freedom, as well as that of my family, was in danger.
The government representative, instead and specifically, signaled that I was not worthy of the protection of the United States because my asylum petition was frivolous, because I had “fabricated” evidence and my testimony had been vague and full of inconsistencies. I could hardly believe the prosecutor’s accusations against me. My poor English allowed me to understand only a limited amount of his closing argument.
I felt totally defeated. Terror moistened my stare and Lara’s hand squeezed mine, trying to calm my fears with her support. The judge briefly addressed me, but nerves had clouded my understanding and I was unable to understand anything. Lara noticed that I was totally confused and wrote to me on a piece of paper: “We won.” I looked at her in disbelief and she confirmed the victory with a nod.
The hearing was not yet over. The judge had not read his oral decision, a broad opinion that included the reasons why he granted me asylum. The respectable Judge Cole found my statement credible as well as each of the responses to the prosecutor’s accusations. His final ruling managed to revive my spirit, which had been withered minutes before.
The intense hug from my lawyer was the end of more than three hours of battle. Being the center of a hearing like this is like being in the middle of a severe storm: Some winds push you to one side, others carry you in the opposite direction, but I resisted them strongly. I could, at the end, see the sun that illuminated everything after so much storm.
A hope that fades away
My joy grew when I entered the pod. A handful of friends eagerly awaited the outcome and rushed towards me with hugs and heartfelt congratulations. They formed a circle around me to hear every detail. I was still in a state of disbelief, unable to accurately answer every question from my comrades. It was impossible for me to narrate three hours of judgment, so I said the most important thing for me to do was to go to the phone.
The first number I dialed was Michael’s. When I said, “We won!” because this victory is his too, he burst into tears like a baby.
“Oh my God! Oh my God!” he repeated, overcome by the news on the other end of the line.
My aunt and uncles in Miami filled my ears with a chorus of vibrant exclamations, and my mother could not contain her emotion. I heard her voice loud and clear.
I explained to everyone that they only had to wait a few days to find out if the government would appeal the judge’s decision, otherwise I would finally be released in about a week. Two Cubans, who also won their final hearing and anxiously counted the hours to get out of this hell, were in the same situation.
My despair grew over the next few days. I had almost no appetite; my sleep was intermittent; my brain punished me by insistently remembering the hearing and the prosecutor’s harsh voice intruded on my positive thoughts.
The document with the official result arrived the next day and little by little I saw how my countrymen who had obtained asylum were released, even one whose hearing was the same day as mine without a lawyer and without evidence.
The ghost of the appeal began to haunt my senses and every time an officer opened the door of the shelter a sharp pain shot up the left side of my chest. The automated tip line said that ICE’s deadline to appeal to a higher court for a second opinion was Oct. 18, a month after I won asylum.
A visit from my attorney confirmed my fears. She told me that the government had requested a review of my case to the Board of Immigration Appeals in Virginia, a panel with several immigration judges who will determine if there was any error by the magistrate who handled my asylum case. My hopes of getting out were reduced to zero in one fell swoop and I was once again cornered like prey before a skilled hunter.
Anguish ran through my cheeks and Lara squeezed my hands and told me that I must be strong. They are very easy words to say; but they mean extra strength, poise and a resistance that I was not sure I had. Lara couldn’t answer any of my questions. She was facing such a situation for the first time. I had to investigate how the process would go and what real chances we had to win again.
Then, in a brief retrospective of my life, I remembered that each momentous step has cost me a sea of suffering. One of my uncles tells me that I must be the son of Chango, a Santería saint, because every change has always been preceded by high doses of sacrifice and dedication.
Many might say that successes are only won after many bitter drinks. I am much stronger, especially with this one, because my freedom is at stake, not only from this place, but from the Cuban dictatorship.
Pipo and I are now the only ones who are left. Pipo is what we affectionately call a Pakistani man who also won asylum and the government has appealed his case. We talk a lot about our respective situations, because we share the same fears and anxieties. The way forward is absolutely uncertain.
Happiness is gone (Oct. 18, 2019)
Today is exactly one month since I won asylum and I am still here. A month ago, it was all hope and joy, but those days are long gone. Happiness does not last long in the poor man’s house, as my mother would say. Today, by the way, is also a month since I haven’t spoken to her, not to my father, not to my brother, not to Lester, not to my friends in Cuba.
I’m afraid of breaking down on the phone and I always try to be strong on the calls, especially for my mom. It is the least I can do. I feel like she covers herself with a blanket of strength and positivity when she responds to me. Her words inject me with comfort and reassurance to move on.
I know that she is suffering a lot with all this. If she notices me discouraged and depressed, she will be more so and I don’t want to add more worries than she already has. These days I only talk to my aunt and uncle in Miami and Michael. With them communication has become a daily habit, perhaps that is why it is less painful for me. There are days when we do not have much to talk about and the calls are filled with slightly trivial topics and about the day-to-day of our lives.
At least once a day I think about that Sept. 18. I remember the hearing that lasted more than three hours. They now seem a bit far away, but I recreate that morning full of nerves and adrenaline in my mind. The questions and “inconsistencies” the prosecutor indicated and for which he is surely appealing Timothy Cole’s decision return.
Those questions haunt me every day, at all times. Just when I think about it, there they are. I checked in the system yesterday. There is a line for immigrants call to know the status of their processes, and the appeal against me “was received” and “is pending” a decision.
The government’s appeals undoubtedly go much easier, luckily. The claims made by migrants last at least five months. They are months of waiting and uncertainty where immigrants manage to “relax” a bit. I say “relax” because the hardest part is over. The only thing left to do now is to send a form with the request for appeal and a plea of self-defense, but without appearing any more in court.
Now the decision rests with a group of judges in Virginia who make up the Board of Immigration of Appeals, who review the judge’s decision, each piece of evidence presented, the transcripts of all the hearings and how much material relates to the asylum request. Only a few of the appeals reverse the negative result.
Most of the people here try to cheer me up, telling me that it is unlikely that the higher court will order that the decision of my case be changed. It is only a sterile process, but to which the government is entitled, as we know. However, I am not so calm. I’m not so convinced. My mind cannot be entirely positive, perhaps because when it has been, it has thrown me to the ground. That’s why I hold back and run away from false hopes.
Today is also the 50th anniversary party of the Washington Blade, America’s oldest LGBTQ publication and of which I have been a contributor for a few months. Michael told me that they were thinking of me and that this anniversary was mine too. I hope I can attend the next one and get to know America’s capital and the colleagues who have supported me so much in this process. It would be a real privilege.
Today I have a little desire to exercise. I haven’t worked out for days. Depression completely shuts me down, even the desire to bathe has gone away. I see my friend Erick exercising and that’s where I plan to go. My head hurts a little. I just hope the routine eases it. Then I’ll try to call for news. I still don’t know if I will have the strength to listen to my mother’s tender voice. I do not know yet.
I hate weekends! (Oct. 20, 2019)
Saturdays and Sundays in jail are more monotonous and boring than the rest of the week, at least for me. Others prefer these two days because there is more tranquility. Officers do not arrive all the time calling for the doctor, court or the commissary and the long morning sleep is not interrupted, although they continue to wake us at 4 a.m. for breakfast.
The truth is that I am not a fan of sleep. It is difficult for me to stay in the bunk after nine, but people here sleep until lunch, which arrives at around 11. There is not much else to do. I wish I could be so lazy and sleep without the slightest noise waking me up.
I laid down again today after breakfast and managed to doze a bit and woke up totally disoriented. I had no idea what time it was. I didn’t know if I had had lunch or dinner. It was a horrible feeling and it is not the first time it has happened to me.
I also dreamed. I don’t usually do it often and I usually forget about it. Waking up today was definitely not pleasant, well it never is. Opening your eyes and seeing yourself still locked up is not particularly pleasant.
Sundays are the days for changing the sheets and today they also took the blanket to wash. The bedspread goes to the laundry once a month. It is unlikely that someone will be able to fall asleep again after being left without a sheet and without a comforter. The pod wakes up, because Sunday is also a search day.
Officers check every occupied bed and every empty bed. Today they were particularly interested in beds where no one sleeps. They know that people usually hide forbidden objects in those drawers without being able to blame them on anyone. The main objective of the searches is to collect everything that they consider “contraband,” such as leftovers of the food they provide us, medicine, bracelets, photos, clotheslines and whatever they find outside of “their law,” which is usually quite narrow.
They check under the mattresses and in each other’s drawers. As we were already waiting for this day, only a few comrades saved the food they brought us for breakfast. The only food that is allowed to remain with our belongings is that which we buy at the commissary.
The officers are merciless and wipe out any trace of cooked food. According to them, we can get sick with leftover food, which also attracts all kinds of vermin that feed on food debris.
All of this is very true, but in these conditions, where hunger abounds, the wisest thing to do is to have something to put in your mouth when the last meal has already left your stomach. I myself hid two pieces of bread and butter between my sweater and my pants. The searches, fortunately, do not include our bodies. Almost all of us hide some food, like squirrels that bury acorns in fall to have food in winter. Some don’t go to great lengths to hide their supplies under their uniforms, but I try to be discreet. They found almost nothing today because they were not very thorough in the search and confiscation of food.
They removed, however, a wrapper with pills from a Cuban and I had to go there as a translator. It is also forbidden to store medications, with the exception of those that you buy in the commissary, but those are easy to recognize because they come in their case. They were instead loose. They looked like a small drug order, highly suspicious to officers.
The countryman, scared as he was, began to hesitate, giving a different version of each question, a victim of his own nervous and improvised speech. He justified his small pharmacy by saying that they allergy medications, and that the infirmary had prescribed them for him. The officer’s facial expressions were extremely intimidating.
And it is for good reason. The punishment for storing medicines results in a visit to the hole for as many days as the officer deems appropriate, but today Pantera — that’s what we call a sheriff with a dark complexion and the sharp eyes of a wild animal — was happy and did not impose any punishment on him. He only decided to collect the pills and remind him that the storage and smuggling of medicines was prohibited. He would naturally verify his justification with the doctors.
A friend in C-2 spent four days in isolation for storing pills. Today, however, they decided to turn a blind eye. All of us, at some point or other, have saved and received pills from someone.
Those who have a daily prescription for a medication sometimes do not want to take it and give it away or simply exchange it for something more attractive to them. This is how we manage to fill the coffers with different medicines for various ailments without going to the doctor to beg for them, much less buying them at the commissary at scandalous prices.
My services as an interpreter were demanded again on this Sunday, this time in the pod out front. There was a Cuban in the hallway who had resisted giving his food to the officer. That was the Pantera version. The Cuban claimed that he was going to open the trash can himself and throw the food away, but the officer prevented him. They interpreted the gesture of pushing away the food tray as a “threat,” resisting his authority.
There can be no struggles because the immigrant will end up immobilized on the floor with his hands behind his back and a good scare that is not at all necessary. That’s how the Cuban ended up: Facing the ground and with the entire weight of the deputy on his back to immobilize him. He was now arguing with Pantera over the atrocity of that completely unjustified act. There really was no need for that. Nobody here is stupid enough to attack an officer, but they apply self-defense with the slightest doubt.
The comrade was a repeat offender. I had gone to the hole on another occasion to explain to him, also through Pantera, that he could not try to keep the food when the officer was going to throw it away. He definitely hadn’t learned his lesson and all three of us were there again, repeating the same absurd rules.
There were, fortunately, no more severe consequences and the Cuban returned to the pod. He was saved from punishment. He thus confirmed that Pantera had a good day today. A few countrymen inside the dorm yelled at an officer about how unfair the treatment of their comrade was, but it was like swimming in the sand. The Cubans shouted in Spanish, a little upset over the attack on their friend, but the officer did not take it for granted and soon closed the door in their faces.
I joked with a friendly young officer when I was returning to my dorm. I told him that he was going to start charging my services as an interpreter at $10 an hour. He laughed and told me that he could only pay me five and I accepted.
Weekends are also the time for the barber shop. The officers return the clippers, owned by some immigrants, to cut our hair and shave us. There is no barber shop in Bossier. We do it in a corner, next to the microwave, the only place in the pod where there is an electrical outlet and where hair can fly into food. The microwave is inevitably full of hairs, which fly off when cut by improvised barbers.
Yesterday, Saturday, they had already run the machine over my face to shave. I don’t have to worry about taking turns because I don’t need to cut my hair yet. The lines are usually quite long and the barber’s friends take priority. Some barbers do not charge, but others require a soup for the shave. It is their way of subsisting.
I also called my mom yesterday. We hadn’t talked in a month and it was less emotional than I thought. We talked calmly, only she and I. My brother had just left. I also called my father, who was at the home of the wife of one of his closest friends. I spoke with them and especially with her, a great Mexican woman, who had opened the doors of her home and her heart to me since I met her.
She allowed me to stay at her house for approximately a month while I was waiting to legally enter the United States. Those were days when our friendship grew closer and her kindness managed to win me over. Maybe that’s why this call was more difficult and I ended up saying goodbye to my father with a cracked voice and wet eyes.
I was determined today to spend the rest of my telephone money and so I contacted Lester. It was also a month since I last heard his voice. I noticed it was affectionate, considering the situation in which we were.
I still can’t figure out if we’re still dating. My heart has adjusted a bit to this loneliness and I no longer cry my heart out when I talk to him. I tried to take advantage of the remaining $4 on the card and update him on everything that had happened, even though he already knew from my aunt.
“I love you,” he told me at the end and I had the feeling that everything was as before.

Curtain up! The show begins (Oct. 23, 2019)
It was not yet dawn when an officer called my name. I received an envelope from Virginia after the very early morning medication delivery. The Court of Immigration Appeals notified me that they had received an appeal from the Department of Homeland Security against me on Oct. 3. They officially informed me that a higher court would review my asylum case. Although it was something that I already knew, I couldn’t help but feel a bit uneasy. I couldn’t fall asleep again, so I started my day.
Bossier has been inspected for a few days. Mysterious men in suits and ties as well as elegantly dressed women were prowling the corridors. They entered the control tower today and from there they had a panoramic view of the four dorms.
Crawford, the second commanding officer, a few minutes earlier had come to give us some coloring paper and crayons. It was the play’s first act. The audience was about to arrive and the actors had to be properly dressed, in their positions and ready to smile.
The staging was brief. The visitors decided not to get too involved and did not step out of the fish bowl that duly prepared for them in advance. Some speculated that they were from ICE, others thought DHS (Department of Homeland Security.) The truth is that we never had the security of anything, as always.
During the course of the day, several entered the dorm to inspect it: One checked the telephones, another checked the bathrooms and the microwave. A woman joined us for lunch and the last one arrived to learn the immigrants’ opinion about the prison’s conditions.
It was an inspection just for that. We still seized the opportunity. I was one of those who were chosen to answer the visitor’s questions, because I defend myself a bit in English.
He was a middle-aged man with white hair and a noble expression. He asked about razors. I told him that we shaved every weekend with a hair clipper.
“Is the same hair clipper for shaving,” asked the man.
“Yes,” I replied.
His face made a grimace of disgust and I immediately showed him the cut on my upper lip. I had been cut, unintentionally of course, with the clipper a few days ago. The rest of my companions immediately approached. One said to put on television channels in Spanish. We complained about the cold showers and the poor quality of the food.
The man pointed, as did the officer who accompanied him. I asked for a clock in the dorm and another microwave. The lines to heat food are endless when 70 people depend on just one. The rest of the dorms have two, but they keep us with one. We haven’t received a replacement since the second one broke.
The visit did not last long, 15 minutes perhaps. The officer turned away, and so did the visitor. I was once again left with the impression that nothing would improve. Maybe yes, you have to give them the benefit of the doubt.
Dinner, around 4 p.m., arrived as an omen that everything will remain the same. The menu didn’t even change on the day of the visit. At least they were sincere for that part. They weren’t fooling them with a new or improved menu. We received one of the most hated meals: A few slices of bread with a brown sauce with vegetables and a few pieces of shredded chicken. We call it “bread with vomit,” so you can imagine what it looks like and even worse how it tastes.
Lower and raise the curtain: Act II (Oct. 24, 2019)
Most of the dorm was still sleeping peacefully. I was in front of the television, hunting for some of the morning news shows. I sometimes watch “Good Morning America,” “Today” or anything else that gives me some news. And there I was, remote control in hand, when the door opened. The jail warden entered with two ICE officers and two other people who, according to what we were told, were part of the inspection to which Bossier was subjected a few days ago.
Curtain up! Act II had begun. I immediately got up from the table and went to put on my yellow uniform shirt. I wanted to get away from the officers and camouflage myself among the rest of the detainees. I did not want to be an active part of this theater, and I certainly did not want to be lied to to my face, to be once again thought of as stupid. I have not, for a long time, wanted to see the faces of those people, who solve nothing every time they come, but the strategy was the other way around.
They immediately asked for someone to help them translate into Spanish and vice versa, even though one of the officers speaks Spanish perfectly. They say he is Cuban, but I don’t know. He was there in front of everyone as part of the show, but I must clarify that I did not like it.
The barrage of questions began, especially about parole. The answers came with the usual old phrase: Each case is different and we are going to look into all your concerns. It is the perfect excuse to use without saying anything.
It was the same old speech, identical phrases and the same disappointed faces who are tired of so much false information. We asked them on several occasions about one thing and they answered with something else. It is the same scenario that I have seen since I have been here.
ICE officials never have a concrete and convincing answer to our concerns, or they just don’t give us the information if they do. They give the impression that they come to improvise before a desperate crowd that is crying out for change and action.
I managed to highlight my particular case to an officer and, of course, he could not clarify any of my doubts. I didn’t know how long the appeals process will take, let alone if I am eligible for parole. I didn’t know if I am in a better or worse position to receive parole, considering that I won asylum and I am not a flight risk, the main excuse they use to deny it. I already went to all my scheduled hearings, but nothing. Not a single answer.
We are probably left with more doubts after these visits. Disappointment and anger could be read on each one of our faces. These encounters are always very frustrating for most. Not so much for me. I’m used to the fact that nothing positive ever comes out of these exchanges. I don’t expect anything from them anymore.
Some took one of the inspectors to a corner to talk privately.
“Whenever you make a request to ICE, keep a copy to have evidence of the claims if they are not handled,” he advised us, as almost always happens.
Deportation matters are the only thing for which these officers are effective. They are agile and attentive there.
Some immigrants speculated that the inspection was also from ICE, only they never said it. We complained about all the issues that are wrong in this prison with the “inspector” with whom we managed to speak: We do not have a set recreation schedule; we cannot shave properly; the food is inedible and everything concerning personal hygiene, including the fact they sell it to us at very high prices at the commissary, among other things.
Our intermediary, a very tall and highly educated young American man, told us they would try to fix everything that was wrong, that they would find a way to pressure the prison to correct some issues that can make life a little more comfortable here. He looked at us with pity, but nothing more. Solutions to our problems were still on hold.
We received terrifying news a few days ago. A Cuban had committed suicide in Richwood, a detention center in Louisiana. He was in isolation and attempted to take his life because he found himself at a dead end. He had applied for parole three times and he had been denied twice. They were considering his case for a third time at the time of his death, but it was too late.
Many think suicide is a “cowardly solution,” an option to erase all problems and suffering in a drastic, final and selfish act. I, on the other hand, think that it takes a lot of courage to go through with a suicide.
Escaping from everything that hurts us in this way is also an understandable act, given the circumstances in which I find myself. There is, of course, a bit of disorder in a mind that carries out a hanging or any other suicide attempt.
There are a few people I know won’t dare to do so, yet many think so. I myself have reached such a point of despair that I have found myself thinking about these atrocities more than once. The very fact that my brain considers them as an option terrifies me and is indicative of how much this is affecting me. I am seriously considering the possibility of going to the psychologist. Maybe they can prescribe some pills to help me get through the tough times through which I’m continually going.
Half a year in La. (Nov. 3, 2019)
One has the feeling that the days inside here do not pass, that time is frozen because my life is frozen. I’ve been living on hiatus for seven months, stuck at a crossroads. Cuba is on one side and the United States is on the other, two antagonistic shores confronting each other, separated, but united at the same time.
It is not yet very clear which of them will be my final destination. Every day the moment to live in freedom in this country becomes more diffuse. Today marks exactly six months since I have been in Louisiana. May 5 seems so distant now, but 180 days have since passed and I still don’t see the end.
Just last night, before the lights went out, I received a copy of the transcript from my hearings as part of my asylum appeal process. It is a thick stack of sheets with the transcripts of my four immigration court appearances: The first hearing took place before Crooks on May 23, the second with the same judge on June 13; the third on July 23, also before Crooks, and the fourth and final one on Sept. 18 before Cole in the Miami.
The political asylum process usually requires only three hearings, but one more was added in my case. Crooks postponed the one that should have been the last one because some of my evidence arrived late in court and neither the judge nor the government attorney had enough time to review it.
The truth is these pages summarize my life, or at least all the horrors that I experienced in Cuba because of my work as an independent journalist. As soon as I received the envelope, I began to read some parts before going to sleep, especially the judge’s decision that is the last part of the transcript. I was straining my vision too much because the dorm was already dark, but I was still able to read. My curiosity was stronger.
My emotions from that Sept. 18 returned as I read. I was reliving it all again. When I decided to stop reading, the bustle in the pod had stopped and the sleepiness that had once permeated me had completely disappeared. Now that there was finally silence, I couldn’t sleep. I couldn’t stop thinking about the trial and appeal process that I face. Worry enveloped me, taking my occasional reassurance with it.
The atmosphere in the pod minutes earlier was not very calm either. A group of Cubans began to speak louder than usual and ended up singing and dancing songs of the most vulgar Cuban reggaeton. It was really rude and disrespectful. These are those moments in which I am ashamed of my compatriots: When they reveal themselves as uneducated animals, believing the world is theirs and showing off the creepiest guapería.
Almost all the Cubans who are here are of that ilk, with a few exceptions of course. The incident caused discomfort among quite a few people, especially Papa Jellow, an African gentleman who did not conceive that a few madmen would break the dorm’s usual peace.
The atmosphere became quite heated, to the point that Papa warned the officers, but they ignored him. Papa wanted to fight. He wanted to throw himself against those Cubans who insulted him by calling him “black goat” because his skin is dark like a moonless night. Other comrades, however, managed to calm him down. Starting a fight was not worth going to the hole. That was not what they wanted.
I watched everything from my bed on the second bunk. On one side were the insensitive boisterous group and Papa was on the other side with the rest of the migrants who were outraged by the Cubans’ “moment of happiness.”
I think they talked about writing a complaint against them and having everyone who agreed sign it. It was what I managed to interpret from a distance. The officer arrived a short time later to do the final court and order us that it was time to sleep. The incident fortunately resolved itself. I hope it will not be repeated tonight.
My first Thanksgiving dinner (Nov. 28, 2019)
Television for days has been bombarding me with ads for “Black Friday,” the last Friday of every November when stores offer huge discounts and savings on products of all kinds in order to stimulate sales. It is not, however, the expected Friday of consumption for which I long.
What saddens me the most is the advertising related to Thanksgiving dinner: Huge golden turkeys, pumpkin pies, mashed potatoes and hundreds and hundreds of delicious recipes for one of the U.S.’s most traditional holidays.
I do not know the origin of this celebration well, but I know that it is a time when families get together and have dinner, very similar to Christmas. Although a roasted turkey with a glass of white wine would be a huge desire for me, I would change everything for the warmth of my family, for sharing with them just an hour and heal a little of this chronic homesickness that has already accumulated for eight months.
I give myself therapy to avoid depression. I tell myself that I have never experienced “Thanksgiving” before because this holiday does not exist in Cuba. It is a 100 percent American celebration, so I better imagine that it is a day like any other, although it is extremely difficult.
We went to the yard early in the morning. We could see from inside that it was a cloudy and cold day. It started to drizzle as soon as we stepped outside, and we had to turn around and say goodbye to the outside world. I only had time to say hello to a few friends from the other pod. We talked briefly and returned to confinement. I had arranged to make a video call with Michael and say hello to his mother a few minutes before leaving.
He is visiting his family to celebrate Thanksgiving with his mother, his sister and his two little nephews. I told him while he was on his way to New Hampshire that I would love to talk to his mother, who is always worried about my situation. There was no better opportunity to greet her and we made it happen.
By the way, I practiced my English because she only knows how to say “thank you” in Spanish. It was truly an immense pleasure to talk with Michael’s mother, a very sweet woman who managed to transfer all that tenderness and kindness to her son. I told her that she should be very proud of the child he has because he is a person like few others.
The truth is that I would not know what would have become of me without the constant help and support of Michael, who has become another brother to me, because only a brother is capable of caring as much as he has.
He is my “guardian angel,” as I tell him so many times, and an adoptive member of my family forever.
“I hope that we can soon meet in person,” I said and she laughed, with the assurance that destiny had already crossed our lives. It was really exciting talking to them.
The long-awaited “Thanksgiving” dinner arrived extremely early. It was 3:30 p.m. and we already had the same old green tray in hand. The prisoners wished us, “Happy Thanksgiving” when they gave us our dinner. I honestly didn’t expect anything out of the ordinary, but I was surprised.
The tray was fuller than usual: Two pieces of a cake with white frosting and some flowers stood out. There were also sweet potatoes, a roll, and several pieces of chicken with gravy.
The dinner also came with a kind of red jelly and some beans mixed with mayonnaise. There was a puree on the bottom of the tray that nobody was really able to identify what it was. A few of us agreed that it resembled breadcrumbs, although it had a slightly sweet taste.
The truth is that it was something different to the palate that was already used to the same simple and bland food every day that is disgusting. The most delicious parts of the meal for me and for many others were the pieces of cake the prison cooks had baked. I ate a piece and kept the other and the roll for the night. hunger takes over after 8 p.m. and it is always good to have something available to ease it.
I can already say that I had my first Thanksgiving dinner, only the prison version. Hopefully next time I can treat myself with an improved version, the one that my family in Miami makes with so much love and dedication.
The call with them today was brief, just to wish them a happy dinner. My aunt and uncle were at my cousin Blanca’s house, almost ready for the celebration. I did not want to know details and they didn’t give me many, perhaps to prevent me from feeling bad, but it was inevitable. I hung up and my eyes teared up.
The move (Dec. 18, 2019)
The two touch screens in the pod flickered blue. I went to check to see if it was a message for me. I instead verified that they were for two Cubans who are not in this pod. I wasn’t sure if perhaps they would be transferred to this pod.
There had been a rumor for several days that, with fewer people in each pod, they would regroup us to fill the empty spaces and leave the dorm for only the new arrivals. It is usually a common practice. They fix a pod a bit when it’s vacated and leave it ready for the next victims.
But my predictions were wrong. An officer came in and ordered us to pack our things, because we were all going to the C-2. We didn’t understand anything. The signs said otherwise, the mandate was clear. I collected my belongings as best I could. I realized that I have too much paperwork and I probably couldn’t do it all by myself. I, however, managed.
The good news was that we would have the same beds in C-2 that we had in C-3. It was a relief, because I sleep in one of the best places: A bed next to the wall on the second tier of a three-tier bunk. It is a slightly more private place and to which very few people come.
There were some comrades when we got to C-2, which is on the opposite side of the corridor. The bulk of them had been transferred to C-1. It was clear that they wanted to clear C-3 for maintenance.
The new residence is basically the same, but we have some improvements here. There are two microwaves, tablets (an officer a few days before had removed the ones from my previous dorm due to “night noise”) and three drinking fountains from which drinking water flows. They may seem like very simple things, but any insignificant improvement can have a great impact on our lives in here.
The whole process of moving and unpacking in another “neighborhood” gave me a pounding headache that made me sick at night. Despite this, I was able to readjust quickly and a young, Latino ICE officer suddenly appeared.
A flood of questions rained down upon him as he spoke Spanish. He prepared to answer each of them because he was less elusive than the previous officers with whom we had spoken. I generally do not bother the officers because they do not usually answer my questions and only offer me evasive answers and lies.
My friend Farook from Pakistan, whose case has also been appealed, and I approached with the hope that he could provide us with new information. The officer, however, did not communicate anything to us that we did not already know. His only answer was the same as always, “We have to wait.” The appeals process takes time and those judges have to carefully review all the documentation the government and the applicants have submitted in order to issue a fair decision.
I interpreted what he said.
My answer will not arrive in December. I’m already preparing myself psychologically for it. I am implanting into my brain the prediction that I will spend the end of the year in prison. My result should arrive in January, if I’m lucky, but luck has not been a reliable ally for me. More disappointments. The headache, meanwhile, persisted, in part because my sleep the night before hadn’t been entirely pleasant.
Michael a few hours earlier had videocalled me, and told me that he was going to contact Darwin, who recently obtained asylum and is now in freedom in Colorado with his partner, who was also deserving of this country’s protection due to the death threats they received in their country for being gay.
Michael also told me that a journalist from NPR wanted to interview me to learn about my work as a journalist behind bars. I will gladly agree to speak with him. The help of colleagues is, without a doubt, crucial in this fight and will always be welcome. Michael and I, as first and foremost journalists, believe in the power of the media. That same reporter interviewed Darwin and his boyfriend in his new life outside of ICE detention centers.
A friend offered me a sleeping pill, which should relax me and make me sleep well. Drug trafficking is frequent here. Some people do not take their prescribed medication twice a day as directed and give away the rest. I had previously taken the odd sleeping pill, but I don’t like to take them for no reason because I am afraid of developing a dependency on them and then not being able to sleep on my own. I am also afraid of them because those pills nullify me as a human being.
The last time I took one I spent the day like a lazy person and could not do anything other than lay in bed. I only took half a pill this time and gave the other to a friend. I was a “drug dealer,” a highly prohibited activity, today. No one can store or share medication. The punishment can be a few days in isolation.
I couldn’t resist the headache any more, so shortly after 10 p.m. I called everyone’s attention in the new dorm to organize the next day’s cleaning shifts. I received the responsibility shortly after a Honduran named Jimmy was here. I became the new “cleaning manager” after he was deported. I was promoted to the position basically because I can speak English and Spanish so that non-Spanish speakers can understand me.
My job, in essence, is to say who should clean the dorm the next day after breakfast. We agreed that six people would be in charge of cleaning. The other day’s task would not be easy, because the move left the dorm in a mess. There was garbage everywhere. It was an intense day, in contrast to others, where monotony is the norm. That is why I do not write everyday.
Migration processes are slow and I only want to preserve in these diaries the events that really matter. By the way, I almost forgot that today it is exactly three months since I won asylum in the United States and I am still here.
Christmas, Christmas, Merry Christmas? (Dec. 24, 2019)
Christmas Eve, waiting for Christmas, did not go unnoticed, even within this confinement. Some spent the day at the microwave preparing an improved dinner that would bring them a little closer to what they used to do at home each year. I preferred not to try so hard so that the longing did not dampen my spirits too much and not to end up with my soul rotten by depression and my eyes lost in memories.
I decided to take the day as one more, although it was impossible. When I was still drowsy in the morning, the first Christmas message arrived. It was from Michael and brought tears to my cheeks and ended up permanently erasing my drowsiness. He announced that he would video call me in the afternoon. He appeared with the classic red and white hat and with his Christmas tree in the background.
It was the spitting image of a rejuvenated Santa Claus. He had a white beard, a plump face and dozens of smiles as a gift, which brought light back to my spirit. My personal version of Santa had nothing to envy the iconic character, who did not arrive with the gift for which I asked so fervently: My freedom.
Dinner, which always arrives around 4 p.m., did not make a mockery of everyday life: We only received mashed potatoes with chopped meat and chocolate pudding. I only ate half of it because my stomach is already adjusted to a baby’s diet. The other portion would be to annihilate hunger shortly before going to sleep. The only thing that made my Christmas Eve dinner different was a soda named “Arctic Rain.”
I bought it in the morning at the commissary with the idea that it would “color” Bossier’s boring flavors a little more. I missed how the bubbles tickle my throat. It was, however, a bad investment.
That green bottle filled my mouth with a taste of medicine rather than a drink. The drink was also like a fizzy laxative that was hot, because there was no ice. I shared it with my friends Erick and Jorge, who sat next to me for dinner almost every night. They took a sip more out of curiosity than wishful thinking.
There was a whole banquet for the occasion a few steps away at the other end of the long metal table. Several Cubans worked together to cook rice with mortadella, cheese-filled tacos, and rice with beans. There were also cookies and a custard-coated chocolate pudding that had “happy” written across the top.
It was by far the biggest dinner I have seen at Bossier and it was immortalized with a photo through a video call with a family member. That is the only way to keep a photographic memory inside this prison. We can receive photos attached to text messages through tablets, but we cannot send anything. This “privilege” clashes with prison policies, which prevent the release of images from inside the facility.
Prisons in all parts of the world are an unknown world, a deep hole that the media cameras cannot fully reach. Only those who have experienced it themselves will be able to describe them with certainty.
When I thought that the day would not bring me any surprises, I received a message from my aunt asking me to make a video call. I have only seen my family on two previous occasions since I have been in the United States: Once with Michael’s help and the other with that of a cousin, who again made this longed-for reunion a reality.
My aunt and uncle appeared before me, like a Christmas miracle, dressed with loving smiles. They had already eaten. There was really no party, just a small family gathering. The real celebration, they said, would be when I was with them in Miami. It was truly a delightful moment, which led to a stroke of homesickness for not being with them.
I did not want to call Cuba, because neither my mother nor my brother deserve to be infected with the bitterness that inhabits my soul. My younger brother’s Birthday is in two days and I will take the opportunity to hear from them then. The Cubans at night began to sing loudly while hitting some drawers like percussion instruments.
Delfin, a Cuban who we call that because he has a dolphin tattooed on his ribs, climbed on a bed for a few seconds and rhythmically shook his waist.
“All the way down, all the way down!” he said, eager for the crowd to party with him.
Delfin climbed onto the bed and raised his hands in a dancing outburst, which only lasted a few seconds. It was enough for the officers to lead him to the hole. They took him away as he was, shirtless. The officers turned off the lights to drown out that “uproar” of prison order.
The next day, Christmas lunch came with a prisoner who had a nylon bag on his back. He was our Santa, but he didn’t say “ho ho ho” as he gave us the tray. He instead gave us a pair of socks and a pin, which turned out to be a fabulous treat.
“Merry Christmas,” the Santa of Bossier wished me when I passed him.
He did not come with his sleigh, nor with his reindeer and his classic wardrobe, but he brought the most important thing. I saw in his eyes a spirit of kindness that is unusual in this place and that I definitely did not expect.
Death of the old year and birth of the new one (Dec. 31, 2019 – Jan. 1, 2020)
My comrades from the very dawn of the 31st woke up in a festive spirit. There was already an enthusiastic group of pastry chefs around the microwave preparing sweets, because it takes the most time. Rice pudding and various puddings were born out of that end-of-year culinary devotion. The hustle and bustle in the pod “kitchen” continued throughout the day.
Today is commissary day and I was fortunately able to stock up on what I needed for the last dinner of 2019. My expectations were not as ambitious as those of others, but I however wanted to taste something different. I deserved it.
Two Cuban friends called my name as I was walking through the dorm. They were taking “a few drinks” from alcohol wipes used to clean wounds. They wanted me to read the case to see if they were not going to die guzzling that. I didn’t understand at first until I saw them chewing on those alcohol-soaked pieces of paper.
It was a lot of fun watching them try to extract the alcohol from those pieces of paper. I told them that nothing was going to happen to them, although they had called me over a little late because they had already become “tipsy.”
“Want one? It’s strong, it’s like a double vodka,” my friend Yosiel asked me.
I appreciated the offer, but did not drink it. I don’t have much tolerance for strong drinks. I then remembered I had a jar with fruit that I had stored in it for several months. The fruit over time ferment and give off alcohol. Chunks of pineapple, papaya and pear add a tropical flavor to the preparation. The result is a primitive wine, completely handmade, the product of prison inventiveness.
We had already tried it a few weeks before and it tasted delicious. I felt it was even half carbonated. It ran down my throat like a refreshing nectar, which also gave me a headache, because maybe I drank it like water and I haven’t had any drinks for a long time, so my tolerance for alcohol has decreased. They say that sweet and unrefined drinks are the fastest way to get drunk.
The wine was bubbly, as if it had a life of its own, when opened. The aged mixture gave off a strong smell of alcohol. I stirred it a bit and hid it again. Making this concoction is another of the many prohibitions that could take me to the hole for several days, so all precautions must be taken so they won’t find it.
Throughout the course of the day I kept memories from invading my mind, a task at which I failed miserably. Each remembrance was a merciless sting that I inflicted on myself, especially when I learned that my father had traveled to Cuba for the occasion after several years away during this time of the year. The only thing missing was me in my little family, which grew because my aunt and cousins from Havana had visited for the first time in a long time.
They would go to celebrate the new year at an uncle’s house with a roasted pig and music. My mind wanted to avoid all that, but my masochistic heart insisted on imagining that family reunion that many times I did not like at all. I missed it today without question.
The smell of burning bologna in the microwave brought me back. I prepared rice with it and added corn, pork, barbecue sauce and mayonnaise to it. That was the filling for 12 burritos that I shared with two Ecuadorian friends and a Honduran.
The New Year’s Eve concert in Times Square enlivened the dinner and a brief tag team tournament in which I was shamefully beaten followed. I consoled myself after the fiasco by saying, “Lucky in the game, unlucky in love.” That silly phrase tries to cheer up the loser’s spirit, but I then remembered I have not been very happy in love either.
We were all in our beds at 11 p.m. by order of the officer on duty, who passed the list with the intention of ruining the welcome of the new year even more.
The spoiler, however, failed to destroy the feeling of celebration. Many sang parts of current and classic Cuban musical genres at the top of their lungs while sitting on their beds. We even sang parts of Cuba’s National Anthem.
Cubans are the only ones who are capable of chasing away sadness and finding a moment of joy in such adversity. Officers made their rounds and unexpectedly went hunting for someone who was not in their place. We saw through the windows how several comrades from other dorms were on their way to the hole. They would welcome 2020 in a cold isolation cell. There is no mercy here, even on Dec. 31. Luckily no one in C-2 was taken there.
It was difficult for us to pinpoint the new year’s arrival because we did not have tablets. The few that remained were removed before the improvised singers’ insistent chorus.
Juan, a Honduran, suddenly announced it was already after midnight and we all melted into a collective hug. They turned on the lights and the deputies surprised us by shaking hands amid congratulations and excitement.
“Happy New Year,” said the officers and they immediately removed the two microwaves for “insubordination.”
Nobody cared about that and we even celebrated it with more intensity. They couldn’t take more than 70 people to the hole, so they had to punish us in some way. That tiny moment of happiness for the new year was forbidden.
A Cuban after he returned to bed dumped a glass of water on the floor, a tradition that millions of Cubans carry out when they welcome the new year with a bucket of water outside their homes. The liquid, it is believed, takes away with it all bad omens and welcomes the next 365 days “clean” of all evil.
The Muslims began their prayers at midnight. A Pakistani on one side of my bed was kneeling on his knees as he prayed to Allah amid intense sobs. His first thoughts of the new year were for his God to whom he prays with devotion several times every day.
Already lying in my “residence,” I marked with a cross on the 31st on the calendar that I have pasted on the bottom of the bed that is above mine. I took it off and put it under the mattress to archive 2019, a year that will remain forever in my memory.
I only asked my saints for freedom and the possibility of living in this country without the threats and persecution that awaits me in Cuba if I am deported.
The first day of January, on the other hand, arrived more calmly than usual. The television did not turn on, which was also part of the collective punishment for our “party” last night. Smiles nevertheless appeared on the faces of many when a video revealed that a Honduran friend had become a father.
Many quickly crowded around to admire the first images of the newborn, who knew her father through a cold and impersonal screen. She still cannot recognize him, nor will she soon feel the warmth of her father, who has already been deported to Honduras. ICE separated this young family, as it has done with thousands of others, upon his arrival in the United States. His girlfriend, who was already pregnant with her baby, received a ticket home while he was confined in Louisiana, where he did not receive bail or parole and lost his asylum case.
The father smiles proudly in front of the screen. It is impossible for him to hide his joy from her at such a time. Nothing and no one will ever be able to steal that happiness from him thinking about his daughter, even from a distance.
A new ‘home’ awaits me (Jan. 10, 2020)
An ICE official who addressed us in Spanish confirmed one of the many rumors that had been circulating in Bossier in recent days.
“Your companions are being transferred to another detention center and soon you will too, because this facility will be closed for remodeling,” the officer said in front of the few of us who were left in this dorm.
At least I received the news with joy. My 8-month stay in this prison demolished my illusions and took away a bit of my innocence. It transformed me into a much stronger human being, capable of withstanding very cruel scenarios that I did not believe I was capable of overcoming.
I guess that’s the only thing I have to thank for this experience, that layer of firmness that has taken over my spirit. Bossier’s positive side is not very extensive aside from the friends I’ve made and the books I’ve read.
The $.09 that remained in my account was reduced to zero on the night of Jan. 8. It was the definitive signal that I would be transferred to another facility together with 48 other comrades. Only a few who were left in the dorm would then follow us on that Bossier escape plan.
I was told to pack, a moment for which I had waited too long, the next morning, although I hoped it would have been different. I imagined my departure from here would mean my definitive freedom and not continued incarceration, but life would not have it. The fight continues and I must accept it.
Transfers are quite exhausting with too much paperwork that is as complex as a move in Cuba. Bureaucracy is a global evil that does not discriminate in political systems. They stripped us of this prison’s wardrobe, that horrible garish yellow uniform, and we dressed in the clothes we brought.
We also delivered the few belongings that are property of the prison: Mattress, sheets, towels, bedspread and everything that we do not want to take with us. And they then gave us our luggage.
I was ready for the last step in the process — getting my hands and feet handcuffed — when the prison warden entered the pod where we were meeting. Some had trashed the empty pod to which they had led us a few minutes earlier. He flew into a rage when he saw that, and he ordered us to clean up the mess. I thought it was fair, even though I hadn’t taken part in it. I will never forget his final words to us.
“You are animals. Go back to your countries, human shit!” he said.
The restrained and even understanding posture that he had shown me collapsed in that sentence full of hatred and racism. I could, at last, clearly see the real man who lived under that sheriff’s uniform. He no longer had to keep pretending kindness. He missed the $67 a day that ICE paid him for each of us. Anyone would be upset, but nothing justified his overbearing and boorish behavior.
The cold bite of the handcuffs, that metal that captures me like a dangerous criminal, is one of the transfer’s worst moments. They tied around my waist a chain that limits the movement of my hands and produces a high-pitched jingle that can be heard from several meters away. Walking with your hands handcuffed and feet shackled resembles ducks’ gait, slow and swaying from side to side, measuring every inch to avoid falling.
A young Bossier officer, one of the few who treated us with respect, told us the journey would take about four hours. We would go further into southern Louisiana.
“I’ll miss you all,” he told us in the hallway on the way out.
There was also Martha, a nurse of Mexican descent, who wished us good luck as we walked in front of her. I did not know whether her words were sincere or were wrapped in hypocrisy.
We were luckily transferred in a comfortable bus. A hard iron surface was the seat in the other one. There was no place for comfort. They were two white buses, which started their route just after 9 a.m.
Going out into the outside world again was like the first walk of a newborn who admires with amazement everything that is within his reach and life seems like a magical invention. Nobody wanted to miss the landscape, dotted by some small towns where the Christmas decorations still remained. Forests, however, dominated both sides of the road with bare trees, stripped of their foliage because of the mild Southern winter.
It was an unprecedented landscape before my eyes, because nature in Cuba only loses its greenness when drought devours it. The pine trees were the only ones that remained alive, like glimpses of life in the middle of a gloomy forest.
Fatigue at times overcame me and I, together with my comrades, managed to recover a bit of the morning’s lost sleep. The highway crossed two huge rivers that looked like seas, gas stations, McDonald’s, hotels, hospitals, and hundreds of billboards that bombarded me with forbidden culinary delights. I remember my time in Jena, the city where the court is, and another tiny town called Monroe.
With each minute that I advanced further into the bowels of Louisiana, the strange feeling grew within me that if we got lost no one would be able to find us. I saw a great expanse. It looked like a field for crops and I could see an installation in the distance.
A factory, I thought. To my surprise, however, it was my destination. I was again in the middle of nowhere. A blue sign identified it as the River Correctional Center, our next “home.” The handcuffs were already starting to hurt my wrists, but this would be over soon. My new home awaited me. They opened the entrance gate and the two buses cautiously entered.

National
Multi-billion-dollar 9/11 Victim Compensation Fund to continue until 2090
Eligibility for same-sex partner survivors remains unclear
As part of its commemoration of the 25th anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund, a federally operated program, released information during the past week showing it has awarded more than $18 billion to over 77,000 9/11 victims and their families since 2011.
Officials with what’s now referred to as the VCF point out that it was created to provide compensation to individuals or to a court-approved personal representative of a deceased individual who were present at one of the three sites where the hijacked jetliners crashed.
Among those supported under the program are thousands of rescue workers, clean-up crews, and residents living near the World Trade Center Twin Towers destruction site who became ill, many of whom later died, by being exposed to the toxic fumes created by the fire and falling debris.
“Twenty-five years since that day, the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund has served tens of thousands of victims and their families, and we continue to receive over 750 new claims each month — a clear indication of the ongoing importance of our mission,” said Allison Turkel, VCF’s leader, who holds the title of Special Master.
In a Sept. 2 briefing for the news media in advance of the 9/11 anniversary commemoration, Turkel pointed out that the VCF operation was upgraded and expanded by separate laws passed by Congress in 2011 and 2019, with the 2019 law signed by President Trump providing full funding to “pay all eligible claims and extended the filing deadline to Oct. 1, 2090.”
LGBTQ advocacy organizations in New York and nationwide have reported that during the time shortly after the 9/11 attacks same-sex surviving partners of 9/11 victims learned they were ineligible for compensation benefits because their same-sex relationships were not legally recognized.
Nicole Nava, a VCF spokesperson, told the Washington Blade she would inquire into whether same-sex couple surviving partners were being supported under the VCF program in more recent years.
She said under long established VCF procedures, all applicants for benefit claims regarding a deceased person, whether same-sex or opposite sex, must be appointed as a Personal Representative of the deceased person by a state court. For D.C. residents, the probate division of the D.C. Superior Court appoints a Personal Representative.
“Claims for deceased victims (regardless of the cause of death) may be submitted only by the Personal Representative,” a statement on the VCF website says. “Each state has laws that define the process for appointment of the Personal Representative and the specific authority granted to that Personal Representative,” it says.
The Washington Blade couldn’t immediately determine the criteria for being approved as a Personal Representative by the D.C. Superior Court and various state courts, including whether a same-sex survivor partner would be eligible for such an appointment.
A spokesperson for the District of Columbia LGBTQ+ Bar Association, which includes many local attorneys who specialize in a wide range of specialized legal issues, couldn’t immediately be reached to find out if one or more of their members might be able to determine the same-sex partner eligibility for Personal Representative status.
In her news media briefing, VCF Special Master Turkel said detailed information about how best to file a claim for 9/11 victim compensation is available on the VCF website.
“Twenty-five years since the events of September 11th , 2001, we know it has become increasingly challenging for claimants to find documents needed to prove their presence at an eligible location, which is one of the key requirements to be eligible for compensation,” she said.
She was referring to the requirement that 9/11 surviving victims seeking a claim for support for injuries or illnesses related to the 9/11 attacks must prove they were present at the World Trade Center site, the Pentagon site, or the Shanksville, Pa. site where the hijacked jetliners crashed. Those requirements are separate from the less clearly defined criteria for same-sex couple victim survivor eligibility.
“Our team is committed to ensuring no claimant feels lost or overwhelmed when submitting a claim,” Turkel said at the briefing. “We have a great helpline with real live people who can answer or refer any questions that come in,” she added. “They engage in over 4,000 calls a month on average. We encourage folks to call 1-855-1555 with any questions.”
The VCF website, which has additional detailed information, can be accessed at www.vcf.gov.
National
Remembering the LGBTQ heroes of 9/11 terrorist attacks
25 years later, ‘the heartbreak remains strong’
Many in the LGBTQ community in the D.C. area and throughout the country were expected to join friends, co-workers, and family members this week in commemorating the 25th anniversary of the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the New York World Trade Center’s Twin Towers and on the Pentagon just outside D.C. as well as the jetliner hijacking that ended in a fatal crash in an open field in Shanksville, Pa.
A total of 2,996 people died in the 9/11 attacks, including 19 terrorists who hijacked four jetliners whose passengers included Americans and citizens of many other countries.
Activists involved with local and national LGBTQ advocacy organizations recall witnessing a coming together of LGBTQ people and their co-workers, neighbors, and family members to support one another during a time of unimaginable horror and grief.
Among those who lost their lives in the 9/11 terrorist attacks was American Airlines co-pilot David Charlebois, an out gay man and member of the Gay Pilots Association, who was on American Airlines Flight 77, which the terrorists crashed into the Pentagon.

Also among the terrorist victims in the 9/11 attacks was gay public relations executive and rugby enthusiast Mark Bingham of San Francisco, who was among several passengers of the hijacked United Airlines jet who reportedly stormed the cockpit to regain control of the jetliner before one of the hijackers crashed the jet into the countryside in rural Pennsylvania.
The jet had taken off from Newark, N.J. with its destination being San Francisco. Investigators learned the hijackers turned the plane around and were heading to Washington, D.C., with plans to crash it into the White House or the U.S. Capitol.
The passengers, including Bingham, who stormed the cockpit and were among the 44 passengers and crew who lost their lives in the crash are credited by investigators and family members and friends with saving the lives of hundreds of others if the hijackers succeeded in crashing into the White House or Capitol.
Among the other LGBTQ people known to have lost their lives in the 9/11 attacks was Father Mychal Judge, 68, a gay Franciscan priest who served as a Catholic chaplain for the New York City Fire Department. According to the National Catholic Reporter, Judge rushed to the scene of the World Trade Center shortly before the Twin Towers collapsed. He was fatally struck by debris falling from the south tower while giving last rites to a fallen firefighter, the Catholic publication reported.
“He was a decent, wonderful human being,” said New York gay journalist Andy Humm, who had interviewed Judge for LGBTQ-related stories prior to the 9/11 attacks. “I saw him at many demonstrations for gay and AIDS causes, showing up in his Franciscan monk’s cassock,” Humm told the Washington Blade five years ago at the time of the 9/11 20th anniversary. “And he was equally beloved by the fire department, there at every major fire tragedy in the city, lending moral support to firefighters,” Humm said.
Francis DeBernardo, executive director of New Ways Ministries, a Maryland-based LGBTQ Catholic group that advocates for LGBTQ supportive policies within the church, reported five years ago that his group was supporting an effort to call on the Catholic Church to officially recognize Fr. Judge as a saint by canonizing him. But DeBernardo told the Blade this week that those efforts failed to obtain the needed support from various Catholic entities, including the Franciscan Order of Friars Minors, of which Judge was affiliated, ending efforts to canonize Judge as a saint.
DeBernardo has written a book about Judge’s life and legacy published in 2023 called “Mychal Judge:Take Me Where You Want Me to Go.”
Among the other widely reported LGBTQ victims of the 9/11 terrorist attacks were a gay couple from California, Daniel Brandhorst and Ronald Gamboa, and their adopted son, David, who were among those who died aboard the United Airlines flight that crashed in Pennsylvania. The Los Angeles Times reported that Brandhorst, an attorney, and Gamboa, the manager of a Santa Monica Gap store, had adopted three-year-old David when he was an infant.
For many LGBTQ residents of New York and the D.C. area, the suffering over the loss of loved ones, including same-sex partners, was heightened a short time later when they learned they were initially ineligible for local and federal programs aimed at providing financial assistance to survivors of the 9/11 attack victims because same-sex couples were not legally recognized.
At the urging of LGBTQ rights organizations, state and local officials in the New York and the D.C. area took steps to address the initial denial of financial support for surviving same-sex partners In programs under their control. Officials with a massive federal aid program for 9/11 survivors, however, said they did not have legal authority to authorize payments to same-sex partners.
The officials, in the administration of then-President George W. Bush, said the best they could do would be to leave it up to local authorities to determine whether state probate laws would recognize a same-sex partner as a family member for eligibility in the federal aid program for 9/11 survivors, many of whom lived in states outside the New York and D.C. area.
Nicole Nava, a spokesperson for the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund, a federally funded program established to compensate for physical harm or death caused by the 9/11 terrorist attacks, including support for surviving family members, said she would inquire into whether same-sex surviving partners were being supported under that program in subsequent years in response to a request from the Washington Blade.
Jenny Pizer, an attorney for the LGBTQ litigation group Lambda Legal, which supported LGBTQ partner survivors of victims of the 9/11 attacks, said the information she and her organization had showed that many if not most of the LGBTQ partner survivors were unable to obtain the federal Victim Compensation Fund payment benefits that married heterosexual spouses obtained. She said she didn’t have a definitive answer on whether some LGBTQ surviving partners were compensated.
However, at least one case where an LGBTQ partner was compensated was reported by the Washington Post in a Jan. 22, 2003, news story about Peggy Neff, the lesbian partner of 18 years of Sheila Hein, 51, a civilian employee at the Pentagon, who was killed when the terrorist hijacked jetliner crashed into the Pentagon.
The Post reported that the Sept. 11 Victim Compensation Fund, under the leadership of its director, Kenneth Feinberg, approved an award of $557,390 for Neff in compensation for the loss of her partner. The Post story quoted a spokesperson for the Human Rights Campaign as saying, “It is our sincere hope that this signals that other gay families who have suffered the loss of a loved one will be treated similarly.”
The compensation program, which is operated by the U.S. Department of Justice, remains in operation until 2090. The Blade will report on any additional similar awards for LGBTQ surviving partners if Nava provides such information.
Events commemorating the 25th anniversary of the 9/11 attacks were scheduled to take place this week at memorial sites honoring the 9/11 victims located outside the Pentagon in Arlington, Va., at the site of the World Trade Center Twin Towers in New York City, and the site of the jetliner crash in Shanksville, Pa., which is operated by the U.S. National Park Service.
The U.S. Congress in 2017 and 2021 approved separate bills signed by President Donald Trump during his first term in office and President Joe Biden creating the Global War on Terrorism Memorial and its construction, to be built on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. that’s scheduled to be completed in 2028.
The memorial, to be located near the Lincoln Memorial and Vietnam Veterans Memorial close to 23rd Street and Constitution Avenue, N.W., is intended to honor people who served and were lost in the wars and counterterrorism operations that followed the 9/11 attacks, including U.S. military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Longtime LGBTQ rights advocate Jay Fisette, who at the time of the 9/11 attacks held the elected position of chair of the Arlington County Board, which serves as the county’s governing body, was among the Arlington officials that came to the Pentagon’s grounds in Arlington to oversee efforts by firefighters to rescue Pentagon workers on the day of the attack.
At an Oct. 7, 2001, 9/11 Day of Remembrance and Appreciation ceremony held in Arlington, Fisette expressed the views of many in the community in response to the 9/11 attacks.
“Tonight, our community gather as a family,” he told the gathering. “We gather in sorrow and in disbelief, in remembrance and appreciation,” he said. “But we come here, too, with resolve and pride. We come together as Arlingtonians who love our country, as Americans who love our country,” he said.
“Our enemies may hurt our bodies and destroy our buildings, but they will never defeat our determination to make this a world of peace and a community in which our children grow up safe and secure,” Fissette said.
Although some of the same-sex partners of those killed in the 9/11 attacks faced obstacles in obtaining financial support through the federal 9/11 relief program, Tom Hay, the surviving partner of 14 years of American Airlines pilot David Charlebois was treated with respect and honor by American Airlines officials and colleagues at Charlebois’s funeral mass at D.C.’s St. Matthew Cathedral.
More than a dozen uniformed company pilots and flight attendants attended the mass. And a press release issued by American Airlines mentioned Charlebois’s relationship with Hay and told how Hay stood with Charlebois when Charlebois advocated for equal rights for LGBTQ people in the airline industry through his involvement with the National Gay Pilots Association.
“David was an early member of the NGPA,” the American Airlines statement said. “His contribution helped ensure ongoing progress toward fairness and solidarity.”
Activists in New York have said the 9/11 attacks drew attention to the need for legal protections for same-sex couples, including the need for recognition of same-sex marriage, which the U.S. Supreme Court legalized nationwide in its landmark ruling in 2015.
But LGBTQ advocates in New York pointed to the difficulties LGBTQ surviving partners faced when desperately seeking to find out if a partner had survived at the site of the World Trade Center attack where the Red Cross and other emergency relief agencies set up a station near the site of the attack.
“Literally, gay people had to go there, turn around, go back home, and get some paperwork that spouses didn’t have to get to prove a relationship existed,” said Ross Levi, who at the time served as executive director of the New York LGBTQ advocacy group Empire State Pride Agenda.
“You were nervous and scared and sad and then you had to go through that,” Levi told the Blade in 2011 at the time of the 10-year anniversary of the 9/11 attacks. “And worse yet, other people turned them away, even with the paperwork, saying sorry you’re not a family according to our guidelines.”
Activists said New York City and New York State officials quickly recognized the inequities faced by same-sex partner survivors and took steps to change polices and laws to correct the situation. Among other things, New York’s then-Gov. George Pataki (R) issued an executive order in October 2001 that included surviving partners of gay and lesbian victims of the World Trade Center attacks in receiving full spousal benefits from the state’s Crime Victims Board.
In a separate development, the LGBTQ litigation group Lambda Legal, ESPA, the Human Rights Campaign, and other LGBTQ advocacy groups created the September 11 Gay & Lesbian Family Fund to provide some support to surviving same-sex partners who were ineligible for help from the federal relief fund program.
“The terrorist attack on September 11th is a tragedy that touched every American, impacting people and families from all walks of life,” Jonathan Lovitz, the Human Rights Campaign’s Senior Vice President for Campaigns and Communications told the Blade in a statement this week.
“As in all moments in American history, LGBTQ+ Americans were there, and feel the impact of this day,” he said. “As we remember the lives lost 25 years later, the heartbreak remains strong and the work to ensure that every person can live safe from violence in this country continues.”
2026 Midterm Elections
Chris Pappas wins NH Democratic Senate primary
Gay congressman running to succeed retiring U.S. Sen. Jeanne Shaheen
New Hampshire Congressman Chris Pappas on Tuesday won the Democratic primary in the race to succeed retiring U.S. Sen. Jeanne Shaheen (D-N.H.) in the U.S. Senate.
Pappas defeated Karishma Manzur, who was his primary challenger, by a 61.8-36.1 percent margin.
The gay congressman will face off against former U.S. Sen. John E. Sununu, who defeated former U.S. Sen. Scott Brown in the Republican primary.
“Tonight’s victory sends a clear message that voters are looking for leaders who will fight for their rights, their freedoms, and to be treated with dignity and respect,” said Human Rights Campaign President Kelley Robinson in a statement.
She campaigned for Pappas in Manchester, New Hampshire’s largest city, on Aug. 30.
“Chris Pappas has delivered results, stood up for equality, and showed up for the people he serves,” said Robinson in her statement. “HRC was proud to mobilize Equality Voters across New Hampshire to help power this win. We don’t have a second to waste between now and November. We look forward to continuing our work with Rep. Pappas as he drives toward victory in November so he can help return a pro-equality majority to the United States Senate.”
A poll the University of New Hampshire Survey Center released on Aug. 26 showed Sununu ahead of Pappas by a 45-43 percent margin if they were to face off in the general election. The margin of error is +/-2.1 percent.
Pappas would become the first openly gay man elected to the U.S. Senate if he were to win in November.
