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Out in the World: LGBTQ news from Europe and Asia

Norway is the latest country to ban conversion therapy

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(Los Angeles Blade graphic)

EUROPEAN UNION

A meeting of the Council of the European Union in Strasbourg, France. (Photo courtesy of the European Union Press Office)

A new European Parenthood Certificate was approved by the European Union Parliament on Dec. 14, which included the recognition of same-sex parents. With 366 votes against 145 and 23 abstentions, MEPs backed draft legislation to ensure that, when parenthood is established by an EU country, the rest of the member states will recognize it.

The aim is to make sure that children enjoy the same rights under national law regarding education, healthcare, custody or succession. 

When it comes to establishment of parenthood at national level, member states will be able to decide whether to, for example, accept surrogacy, but they will be required to recognize parenthood established by another EU country irrespective of how the child was conceived, born or the type of family it has. 

Member states will have the option not to recognize parenthood if manifestly incompatible with their public policy, although this will only be possible in strictly defined cases. Each case will have to be considered individually to ensure there is no discrimination (i.e. against children of same sex parents.)

“No child should be discriminated against because of the family they belong to or the way they were born. Currently, children may lose their parents, legally speaking, when they enter another member state. This is unacceptable. With this vote, we come closer to the goal of ensuring that if you are a parent in one member state, you are a parent in all member states,” said lead MEP Maria-Manuel Leitão-Marques (Portugal) following the vote.

Two million children may currently face a situation in which their parents are not recognized as such in another member state. While EU law already requires parenthood to be recognized under a child’s EU rights, this is not the case for the child’s rights under national law.

Parliament called for cross-border recognition of adoptions in 2017 and welcomed the commission’s initiative in its 2022 resolution. The commission proposal for a regulation aims to close the existing loopholes and ensure that all children can enjoy the same rights in each member state.

NORWAY

The Norwegian Parliament. (Photo courtesy of the Norwegian government)

The Norwegian Parliament on Dec. 12 approved a law that would make the practice of conversion therapy illegal and a criminal offense. In the 85-15 vote, lawmakers codified the bill first introduced in June 2019 by Justice and Emergency Minister Emilie Enger Mehl and Culture and Equality Minister Anette Trettebergstuen.

The law will make it a criminal offense to try to get others to change their sexual orientation or gender identity through, among other things, medical, alternative medicine or religious methods.

The penalty will be three years’ imprisonment, or six years in more serious cases.

In a statement released by her office, Åse Kristin Ask Bakke, the elected representative to the Parliament from the constituency of Møre og Romsdal said: “We are finally putting an end to this harmful practice that has been going on for far too long. This is a historic day.”

Hilde Arntsen, the executive director of the Norwegian nonprofit FRI, the Association for Gender and Sexuality Diversity, an LGBTQ rights advocacy group, said in a statement: “Many queers have experienced painful and harmful attempts to change our identity through growing up and adulthood. Now, through a strong political majority, Norway has decided that attempts to change queer identity are unacceptable. Being queer is not a condition that requires therapy. We should be allowed to be in peace as who we are, and it is now illegal for anyone to try to change us.”

RUSSIA

Russia’s OMON serves as a riot police group, or as a gendarmerie-like paramilitary force (Photo courtesy of the Russian government)

Less than a month after the Russian Supreme Court ruled that “the international LGBT social movement,” of which there is no legal entity, Russia’s elite special police force known as the OMON raided several gay clubs in the nation including the Ural regional capital city of Yekaterinburg as well as Moscow and St. Petersburg.

Russian media and Radio Free Europe/RL’s Russian Service reported that OMON raided the gay club Fame on the night of Dec. 10 in Yekaterinburg, detaining more than 100 people who were attending a theme party in the club. Authorities said the raid was prompted by reports from “concerned citizens” that the club was selling illicit alcohol and tobacco products. 

Local media outlets report that of the people were detained at the club, all of them were released after their documents were checked.

POLAND

The European Court of Human Rights is based in the Human Rights Building in Strasbourg, France. (Photo courtesy of the ECHR Press Office)

The European Court of Human Rights issued a ruling in a lawsuit brought by five Polish gay and lesbian couples that stated that the Polish government’s lack of legal recognition and protection for same-sex couples violated their human rights. 

Polish national news outlet Dziennik Gazeta Prawna reported the ECHR rejected the Polish government’s arguments, which included that traditional marriage is part of Poland’s heritage, and found that “the Polish state had failed to comply with its duty to ensure a specific legal framework providing for the recognition and protection of same-sex unions.”

In its ruling ECHR, the court stressed the states signatory to the European Convention on Human Rights should “create a legal framework enabling people of the same sex enjoy the recognition and appropriate protection of their relationship through marriage or another form of union.”

In 2022, the Supreme Administrative Court ruled that same-sex marriages of Polish citizens legally married in other countries were not expressly forbidden under the country’s constitution.

Article 18 of the constitution states: “marriage as a union of a man and a woman, family, motherhood and parenthood are under the protection and care of the Republic of Poland.”

“Article 18 of the constitution cannot in itself constitute an obstacle to transcribing a foreign marriage certificate if the institution of marriage as a union of persons of the same sex was provided for in the domestic [legal] order,” the court ruled.

“The provision of the constitution in question does not prohibit the statutory regulation of same-sex unions,” said the court, adding that it was simply the case that “at present the Polish legislature has not decided to introduce such solutions” into Polish law.

According to Polish newspaper Gazeta Wyborcza, Poland is one of only six EU member states where same-sex couples cannot marry or register a civil partnership. 

The majority of Polish people support LGBTQ rights surrounding marriage and family, according to research by Miłość Nie Wyklucza (Love Does Not Exclude.) 

“It took a long time, definitely too long,” Grzegorz Lepianka, one of those who brought the case against Poland, told the Dziennik Gazeta Prawna. “But I finally have some hope for real and truly good changes.”

Before the judgment in the case of the five Polish couples, the ECHR had already ruled in similar cases against Italy, Russia, Romania and Bulgaria. The judgment in Italy had a real impact on the situation of same-sex couples, because civil partnerships were introduced shortly after it.

SWITZERLAND

Palais des Nations, the main building of the U.N. office at Geneva. (Photo by Vassil, public domain/CC0)

The first edition of the Intersex Legal Mapping Report published by ILGA World found that a large majority of U.N. member states have yet to make any sufficient legal attempt to protect intersex people’s right to bodily integrity and autonomy.

The report features an overview of how each of the 193 UN member states is faring regarding the protection of the human rights of intersex people. 

The study is a ground-breaking global survey on legal protections for people born with variations in sex characteristics. Intersex people are born with variations of sex characteristics, such as genitals, reproductive organs, hormonal and chromosomal patterns, that are more diverse than stereotypical definitions of male or female bodies. 

Up to 1.7 percent of the global population is born with such traits; yet, because their bodies are seen as different, intersex children and adults are often stigmatized and subject to harmful practices – including in medical settings – and discriminated against.

“As of July 2023, only six UN member states adopted laws prohibiting unnecessary medical treatments, surgeries, and other interventions modifying the sex characteristics of intersex minors without their free, prior, and fully informed consent,” said Crystal Hendricks, chair of ILGA World’s Intersex Committee. “This striking dearth of legal protection is still a reality despite the unanimous, systematic, and urgent calls of intersex civil society and international human rights bodies. And yet, current positive trends give us reasons for hope.” 

ILGA World’s Intersex Legal Mapping Report documents how the past 15 years have seen a rapid increase in legal developments emerging to improve the situation of intersex individuals. As of July 2023, seven UN member states had introduced national legislation prohibiting discrimination on the grounds of sex characteristics; five states adopted legal provisions on liability for offenses committed on the same grounds and seven introduced other legal norms aiming to improve intersex people’s equal enjoyment of their human rights. In addition, there is a growing number of national and subnational legal developments aimed at addressing the needs of the intersex community.

JAPAN

(Photo courtesy of the Kadokawa Corporation)

Earlier this month one of Japan’s largest publishing companies announced that it was cancelling publication of the Japanese version of Abigail Shrier’s anti-transgender book, Irreversible Damage: The Transgender Craze Seducing Our Daughters.

The Tokyo-based Kadokawa Corporation said in a statement that the translated book could ultimately end up causing harm to people “directly involved with the Japanese trans community.”  The Japanese book’s title would translate as “that girl’s become transgender, too: The tragedy of the sex-change craze being contagious through social media.”

“We planned to publish the translation, hoping it would help readers in Japan deepen their discussions about gender through what is happening in Europe and the United States as well as other matters,” Kadokawa said.

“But the title and sales copy ended up causing harm to people directly involved” in transgender issues, the company said. “We sincerely apologize for it.”

PinkNewsUK reported that on X, formerly Twitter, there was a huge backlash against Kadokawa’s initial promotion of the book. Trans rights advocates planned a protest outside the publisher’s corporate headquarters in Tokyo, a move that has now been cancelled.

After the decision, one social media user wrote that while it was good that the book had been pulled, they worried that “future measures” to prevent similar incidents remain “unclear and unsatisfactory” so couldn’t be sure if Kadokawa’s apology to the trans community was genuine.  

Shrier, an opinion writer for The Wall Street Journal, took to X to share her displeasure that the “very nice” publisher had caved in PinkNewsUK added.

“By caving to an activist-led campaign against Irreversible Damage, they embolden the forces of censorship,” she wrote. “America has much to learn from Japan, but we can teach them how to deal with censorious cry-bullies.”

Additional reporting from Bergens Tidende, Agence France-Presse, the BBC,  Radio Free Europe, Dziennik Gazeta Prawna, ILGA, PinkNewsUK and the Japan Times.

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Kazakhstan

Kazakh lawmakers advance anti-LGBTQ propaganda bill

Measure likely to pass in country’s Senate

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Kazakh flag (Photo by misima/Bigstock)

Lawmakers in Kazakhstan on Wednesday advanced a bill that would ban so-called LGBTQ propaganda in the country.

Reuters notes the measure, which members of the country’s lower house of parliament unanimously approved, would ban “‘LGBT propaganda’ online or in the media” with “fines for violators and up to 10 days in jail for repeat offenders.”

The bill now goes to the Kazakh Senate.

Reuters reported senators will likely support the measure. President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev has also indicated he would sign it.

Kazakhstan is a predominantly Muslim former Soviet republic in Central Asia that borders Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and China.

Consensual same-sex sexual relations are decriminalized in Kazakhstan, but the State Department’s 2023 human rights report notes human rights activists have “reported threats of violence and significant online and in-person verbal abuse towards LGBTQI+ individuals.” The document also indicates discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity remains commonplace in the country. (Jessica Stern, the former special U.S. envoy for the promotion of LGBTQ and intersex rights under the Biden-Harris administration who co-founded the Alliance for Diplomacy and Justice, in August condemned the current White House for the “deliberate erasure” of LGBTQ and intersex people from the State Department’s 2024 human rights report.)

Russia, Georgia, and Hungary are among the other countries with propaganda laws.

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Turks and Caicos Islands

Turks and Caicos government ordered to recognize gay couple’s marriage

Richard Sankar and Tim Haymon legally married in Fla. in 2020

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From left: Richard Sankar and Tim Haymon. (Photo courtesy of Tim Haymon)

The Turks and Caicos Islands’ Court of Appeal has ruled the British territory’s government must recognize a same-sex couple’s marriage.

Richard Sankar, a realtor who has lived in the British territory for nearly three decades and is a Turks and Caicos citizen, married Tim Haymon in Fort Lauderdale, Fla., in 2020.

Haymon, who is American, in August 2021 applied for a spousal exemption under the Turks and Caicos’ immigration law on the basis of his status as a spouse that would have allowed him to legally live and work in the territory.

The Turks and Caicos’ Director of Immigration initially denied the application because its definition of marriage used does not include same-sex couples.

Haymon and Sankar filed their lawsuit in October 2021. The Supreme Court heard the case in November 2022.

The court in March 2024 ruled the government’s refusal to issue a work permit exemption for Haymon violates the Turks and Caicos’ constitution that bans discrimination based on sexual orientation. The government appealed the decision, and the Court of Appeal heard it in January 2025.

The Court of Appeal in September dismissed the government’s appeal. It released its decision on Oct. 27.

Stanbrook Prudhoe, a law firm in the Turks and Caicos, represents Haymon and Sankar.

“Just like any other spouse coming to the Turks and Caicos Islands and marrying a Turks and Caicos islander, we’re just wanting the same rights,” Haymon told the Blade during a March 2024 interview.

Haymon told the Blade he has received his “spousal certificate that gives me residency and the right to work” in the British territory in the British territory. The government appealed a 2022 Supreme Court ruling that ordered it to give him the certificate, but the Court of Appeals denied it.

The Supreme Court ordered the Director of Immigration to grant Haymon a residence permit. He told the Blade he received it on Monday.

The Turks and Caicos are a group of islands that are located roughly 650 miles southeast of Miami.

Consensual same-sex sexual relations have been decriminalized in the British territory since 2001.

The constitution states “every unmarried man and woman of marriageable age (as determined by or under any law) has the right to marry a person of the opposite sex and found a family.” The constitution also says “every person in the islands is entitled to the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, that is to say, the right, without distinction of any kind, such as race, national or social origin, political or other opinion, color, religion, language, creed, association with a national minority, property, sex, sexual orientation, birth, or other status.”

Then-Cayman Islands Grand Court Chief Justice Anthony Smellie in 2019 ruled same-sex couples can legally marry in the Cayman Islands. The Caymanian Court of Appeal later overturned the decision, and the British territory’s Civil Partnership Law took effect in 2020. 

Then-Bermuda Supreme Court Justice Charles-Etta Simmons in 2017 issued a ruling that paved the way for gays and lesbians to legally marry in the British territory. The Domestic Partnership Act — a law then-Gov. John Rankin signed that allows same-sex couples to enter into domestic partnerships as opposed to get married — took effect in 2018.

Bermuda’s top court later found the Domestic Partnership Act unconstitutional. The Privy Council, a British territories appellate court in London, upheld the law. It also ruled same-sex couples do not have the constitutional right to marry in the Cayman Islands.

The Turks and Caicos government has until Nov. 24 to appeal the Court of Appeals decision. It remains possible the Privy Council’s Judicial Committee could hear Haymon and Sankar’s case.

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El Salvador

El Salvador: el costo del silencio oficial ante la violencia contra la comunidad LGBTQ

Entidades estatales son los agresores principales

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(Foto de Ernesto Valle por el Washington Blade)

En El Salvador, la violencia contra la población LGBTQ no ha disminuido: ha mutado. Lo que antes se expresaba en crímenes de odio, hoy se manifiesta en discriminación institucional, abandono y silencio estatal. Mientras el discurso oficial evita cualquier referencia a inclusión o diversidad, las cifras muestran un panorama alarmante.

Según el Informe 2025 sobre las vulneraciones de los derechos humanos de las personas LGBTQ en El Salvador, elaborado por el Observatorio de Derechos Humanos LGBTIQ+ de ASPIDH, con el apoyo de Hivos y Arcus Foundation, desde el 1 de enero al 22 de septiembre de 2025 se registraron 301 denuncias de vulneraciones de derechos.

El departamento de San Salvador concentra 155 de esas denuncias, reflejando la magnitud del problema en la capital.

Violencia institucionalizada: el Estado como principal agresor

El informe revela que las formas más recurrentes de violencia son la discriminación (57 por ciento), seguida de intimidaciones y amenazas (13 por ciento), y agresiones físicas (10 por ciento). Pero el dato más inquietante está en quiénes ejercen esa violencia.

Los cuerpos uniformados, encargados de proteger a la población, son los principales perpetradores:

  • 31.1 por ciento corresponde a la Policía Nacional Civil (PNC),
  • 26.67 por ciento al Cuerpo de Agentes Municipales (CAM),
  • 12.22 por ciento a militares desplegados en las calles bajo el régimen de excepción.

A ello se suma un 21.11 por ciento de agresiones cometidas por personal de salud pública, especialmente por enfermeras, lo que demuestra que la discriminación alcanza incluso los espacios que deberían garantizar la vida y la dignidad.

Loidi Guardado, representante de ASPIDH, comparte con Washington Blade un caso que retrata la cotidianidad de estas violencias:

“Una enfermera en la clínica VICITS de San Miguel, en la primera visita me reconoció que la persona era hijo de un promotor de salud y fue amable. Pero luego de realizarle un hisopado cambió su actitud a algo despectiva y discriminativa. Esto le sucedió a un hombre gay.”

Este tipo de episodios reflejan un deterioro en la atención pública, impulsado por una postura gubernamental que rechaza abiertamente cualquier enfoque de inclusión, y tacha la educación de género como una “ideología” a combatir.

El discurso del Ejecutivo, que se opone a toda iniciativa con perspectiva de diversidad, ha tenido consecuencias directas: el retroceso en derechos humanos, el cierre de espacios de denuncia, y una mayor vulnerabilidad para quienes pertenecen a comunidades diversas.

El miedo, la desconfianza y el exilio silencioso

El estudio también señala que el 53.49 por ciento de las víctimas son mujeres trans, seguidas por hombres gays (26.58 por ciento). Sin embargo, la mayoría de las agresiones no llega a conocimiento de las autoridades.

“En todos los ámbitos de la vida —salud, trabajo, esparcimiento— las personas LGBT nos vemos intimidadas, violentadas por parte de muchas personas. Sin embargo, las amenazas y el miedo a la revictimización nos lleva a que no denunciemos. De los casos registrados en el observatorio, el 95.35 por ciento no denunció ante las autoridades competentes”, explica Guardado.

La organización ASPIDH atribuye esta falta de denuncia a varios factores: miedo a represalias, desconfianza en las autoridades, falta de sensibilidad institucional, barreras económicas y sociales, estigma y discriminación.

Además, la ausencia de acompañamiento agrava la situación, producto del cierre de numerosas organizaciones defensoras por falta de fondos y por las nuevas normativas que las obligan a registrarse como “agentes extranjeros”.

Varias de estas organizaciones —antes vitales para el acompañamiento psicológico, legal y educativo— han migrado hacia Guatemala y Costa Rica ante la imposibilidad de operar en territorio salvadoreño.

Educación negada, derechos anulados

Mónica Linares, directora ejecutiva de ASPIDH, lamenta el deterioro de los programas educativos que antes ofrecían una oportunidad de superación para las personas trans:

“Hubo un programa del ACNUR que lamentablemente, con todo el cierre de fondos que hubo a partir de las declaraciones del presidente Trump y del presidente Bukele, pues muchas de estas instancias cerraron por el retiro de fondos del USAID.”

Ese programa —añade— beneficiaba a personas LGBTQ desde la educación primaria hasta el nivel universitario, abriendo puertas que hoy permanecen cerradas.

Actualmente, muchas personas trans apenas logran completar la primaria o el bachillerato, en un sistema educativo donde la discriminación y el acoso escolar siguen siendo frecuentes.

Organizaciones en resistencia

Las pocas organizaciones que aún operan en el país han optado por trabajar en silencio, procurando no llamar la atención del gobierno. “Buscan pasar desapercibidas”, señala Linares, “para evitar conflictos con autoridades que las ven como si no fueran sujetas de derechos”.

Desde el Centro de Intercambio y Solidaridad (CIS), su cofundadora Leslie Schuld coincide. “Hay muchas organizaciones de derechos humanos y periodistas que están en el exilio. Felicito a las organizaciones que mantienen la lucha, la concientización. Porque hay que ver estrategias, porque se está siendo silenciado, nadie puede hablar; hay capturas injustas, no hay derechos.”

Schuld agrega que el CIS continuará apoyando con un programa de becas para personas trans, con el fin de fomentar su educación y autonomía económica. Sin embargo, admite que las oportunidades laborales en el país son escasas, y la exclusión estructural continúa.

Matar sin balas: la anulación de la existencia

“En efecto, no hay datos registrados de asesinatos a mujeres trans o personas LGBTIQ+ en general, pero ahora, con la vulneración de derechos que existe en El Salvador, se está matando a esta población con la anulación de esta.”, reflexiona Linares.

Esa “anulación” a la que se refiere Linares resume el panorama actual: una violencia que no siempre deja cuerpos, pero sí vacíos. La negación institucional, la falta de políticas públicas, y la exclusión social convierten la vida cotidiana en un acto de resistencia para miles de salvadoreños LGBTQ.

En un país donde el Ejecutivo ha transformado la narrativa de derechos en una supuesta “ideología”, la diversidad se ha convertido en una amenaza política, y los cuerpos diversos, en un campo de batalla. Mientras el gobierno exalta la “seguridad” como su mayor logro, la población LGBTQ vive una inseguridad constante, no solo física, sino también emocional y social.

El Salvador, dicen los activistas, no necesita más silencio. Necesita reconocer que la verdadera paz no se impone con fuerza de uniformados, sino con justicia, respeto y dignidad.

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