World
Report details anti-LGBTQ discrimination, violence in Kenya refugee camp
March 15 attack left gay man dead
A new report released on Wednesday indicates nearly all of the LGBTQ people who live in a Kenya refugee camp have experienced discrimination and violence because of their sexual orientation and/or gender identity.
The Organization for Refuge, Asylum and Migration and Rainbow Railroad in May 2021 surveyed 58 LGBTQ asylum seekers who live at the Kakuma refugee camp and the Kalobeyei Integrated Settlement that opened in 2016 to help alleviate overcrowding at Kakuma. The groups also interviewed 18 “key informants.”
More than 90 percent of the LGBTQ asylum seekers who spoke with ORAM and Rainbow Railroad said they have been “verbally assaulted.”
Eighty-three percent of them indicated they suffered “physical violence,” with 26 percent of them reporting sexual assault. All of the transgender respondents “reported having experienced physical assault,” with 67 percent of them “reporting sexual assault.”
Eighty-eight percent of respondents said they had been “denied police assistance due to their sexual identity.” Nearly half of the respondents told ORAM and Rainbow Railroad they had to be “relocated from their allocated shelters to alternative accommodation due to the constant abuses directed at them by neighbors.”
Kakuma, which is located in northwest Kenya near the country’s border with Uganda and South Sudan, is one of two refugee camps the U.N. Refugee Agency operates in the East African nation. The other, Dadaab, is located near Kenya’s border with Somalia.
The report notes upwards of 160,000 refugees from South Sudan, Sudan, Somalia, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, Ethiopia and Uganda were living in Kakuma as of January.
Those who responded to the ORAM and Rainbow Railroad survey are from Uganda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, South Sudan, Rwanda, Afghanistan, Yemen and Ethiopia and all of them have asked for asylum in Kenya. Ninety-four percent of them live in Kakuma, while the remaining six percent live in Kalobeyei.
The report also estimates there are 350 LGBTQ asylum seekers in Kakuma and Kalobeyei. UNHCR in 2020 created Block 13 in Kakuma that is specifically for LGBTQ refugees.
Gay man died after Block 13 attack
Two gay men suffered second-degree burns during an attack on Block 13 on March 15. One of the men died a few weeks later at a hospital in Nairobi, the Kenyan capital.
Forty-one of the Block 13 residents who participated in the ORAM and Rainbow Railroad survey said that “relocation to a safer place as a priority.” The report also notes some respondents who live outside Block 13 “said that the activism in Block 13 was affecting the overall relationship between LGBTQI+ asylum seekers and service providers in the camp.”
“They expressed concern with some activities conducted as part of their activism,” reads the report. “For example, they alleged that some activists were conducting staged attacks on individuals and false claims of violence to attract media attention as part of their advocacy.”
The report notes “allegations of activity from activists in Block 13 have not been confirmed.” Some of the “key informants” who ORAM and Rainbow Railroad interviewed for their report, however, “observed that LGBTQI+ activists from different countries have been supporting the advocacy in Block 13 without considering the local context and potential negative or unintended consequences.”
“They allege that the advocacy has been antagonizing LGBTQI+ members with other refugees in the camp and service providers,” reads the report. “For example, some of the LGBTQI+ asylum seekers were reported to have deserted their allocated shelters, moved to Block 13 and were persistently demanding new shelters.”
UNHCR in a statement after the March 15 attack noted Kenya “remains the only country in the region to provide asylum to those fleeing persecution based on sexual orientation, gender identity or expression,” even though consensual same-sex sexual relations remain criminalized. The ORAM and Rainbow Railroad report acknowledges both points.
“Asylum seekers and refugees in Kenya are not immune to pervasive anti-LGBTQI+ attitudes in the community,” it reads. “As the number of LGBTQI+ asylum seekers and refugees increases rapidly, it is important to understand their unique protection needs and plan for safe and dignified service delivery to meet those needs.”
The report notes more than 70 percent of respondents have gone to Kakuma’s main hospital the International Rescue Committee operates in order to receive HIV/AIDS-related services. More than 85 percent of respondents said they “preferred to seek all other health services beyond HIV and AIDS services at the main hospital, since the facility was friendly and provided a stigma-free environment for the LGBTQI+ community in the camp.”
“Respondents reported traveling long distances in order to visit the main hospital,” reads the report.
The report notes limited access to cardiologists and other specialists at the eight health facilities in the camp that UNHCR partner organizations operates. Roughly a third of respondents also said they have “been stigmatized in some of the health clinics.”
“This included being referred to as shoga (a derogatory Kiswahili term used to refer to homosexuality) either by staff members or other refugees in the waiting room while waiting to see a provider, or some providers just directing them to the main hospital with snide remarks about how they do not entertain LGBTQI+ persons in their facility,” reads the report.
The African Human Rights Coalition, the Refugee Coalition of East Africa and Upper Rift Minorities are among the other groups that work with the camp’s LGBTQ residents.
The report notes only a third of respondents “were actively engaged in economic activity at the time of the study, a majority depended on the food rations distributed in the camp.” It also contains 10 recommendations, which are below, to improve conditions for LGBTQ refugees in Kakuma.
1) The Refugee Affairs Secretariat of Kenya must fast-track refugee status determination of LGBTQ asylum seekers with further support from UNHCR and civil society organizations.
2) The Refugee Affairs Secretariat of Kenya and UNHCR must create more responsive and sensitive protection services for LGBTQ refugees in Kenya.
3) Civil society organizations and their supporters should provide livelihood support and other support to meet the immediate needs of LGBTQ refugees in Kakuma.
4) Governments of resettlement countries must resume and fast track resettlement of LGBTQ refugees from Kenya.
5) UNHCR and civil society organizations must continue to build skills development programs for employability.
6) LGBTQ civil society organizations should work more closely with refugee-led organizations and collectives to build self-protection services.
7) Donor communities should participate in more long-term development programming for LGBTQI+ refugees in Kenya.
8) LGBTQ civil society organizations providing support to refugees in Kenya must coordinate more closely.
9) LGBTQ civil society organizations and refugee-led organizations should continue to advocate for more inclusive human rights in Kenya.
10) Civil society must continue the push for LGBTQ human rights globally, including decriminalization of same sex intimacy.
“This much-needed report underscores the challenges, dangers and complexities of life that LGBTQI+ refugees and asylum seekers face in Kakuma refugee camp,” said ORAM Executive Director Steve Roth in a press release that announced the report’s release. “The refugees themselves have spoken and they want to be heard. UNHCR, governments and civil society organizations must work together to ensure the immediate safety and well-being of this community while also addressing the longer term, durable solutions we recommend in the report.”
Rainbow Railroad Executive Director Kimahli Powell added refugee camps cannot “become permanent solutions to crises of forced displacement.”
“The findings of this report confirm a key goal of Rainbow Railroad—to fast track resettlement of LGBTQI+ refugees,” he said. “Rainbow Railroad and civil society partners are ready to provide support to LGBTQI+ persons at risk and assist in further resettlement. Ultimately, we need the UNHCR, the government of Kenya and governments of countries that are destinations for refugees to step up an ensure that LGBTQI+ asylum seekers in the camp are resettled in safer countries.”
The College of Cardinals on Thursday elected Cardinal Robert Prevost from Chicago as the Catholic Church’s next pope.
Leo XIV’s election took place less than three weeks after Pope Francis died at Casa Santa Marta, his official residence at the Vatican. The conclave to choose his successor began on Wednesday.
Leo XIV, who was born in Chicago in 1955, is the first American pope.
Leo XIV was bishop of the Diocese of Chiclayo in Peru from 2015-2023. Francis made him a cardinal in 2023
“We salute the appointment of the new Pope Leo XVI,” said the U.S. Embassy in Peru on X.
“A celebration for the world’s Catholics, and a joy especially shared between the American people and the Peruvian people. From Chicago to Chiclayo.”
U.S. Rep. Robert Garcia (D-Calif.), a gay man of Peruvian descent, also congratulated Leo XIV.
“As a Catholic and Peruvian American, I wish Pope Leo XIV strength as he steps into his role as a global and spiritual leader,” said the California Democrat on X. “He has demonstrated that he believes in justice for the poor and immigrants. May his leadership reflect these ideals as he spreads peace across the world.”
As a Catholic and Peruvian American, I wish Pope Leo XIV strength as he steps into his role as a global and spiritual leader. He has demonstrated that he believes in justice for the poor and immigrants. May his leadership reflect these ideals as he spreads peace across the world.
— Congressman Robert Garcia (@RepRobertGarcia) May 8, 2025
Francis died on April 21 at Casa Santa Marta, his official residence at the Vatican. The conclave to choose the Argentine pontiff’s successor began on Wednesday.
The Vatican’s tone on LGBTQ and intersex issues softened under Francis’s papacy, even though church teachings on homosexuality did not change.
Francis, among other things, described laws that criminalize consensual same-sex sexual relations as “unjust” and supported civil unions for gays and lesbians. Transgender people were among those who greeted Francis’s coffin at Rome’s St. Mary Major Basilica before his burial on April 26.
The New York Times reported Leo XIV in a 2012 speech to bishops specifically cited “homosexual lifestyle” and “alternative families comprised of same-sex partners and their adopted children” when he said Western media and popular culture has promoted “sympathy for beliefs and practices that are at odds with the gospel”
Marianne Duddy-Burke, executive director of DignityUSA, a group that represents LGBTQ Catholics, traveled to Rome for the conclave.
She told the Washington Blade in a text message from St. Peter’s Square shortly after Leo XIV’s election that she “heard him speak” last October and “found him thoughtful and gently challenging.”
“[He] hasn’t said a lot since early 2010s. [I] hope he has evolved,” said Duddy-Burke. “His commitment to synodality is a hopeful sign.”
Her group later issued a statement.
“This election appears to signal a willingness to continue building on Pope Francis’s commitment to synodality and social justice,” said DignityUSA. “We pray that the needs of those whom our church has historically marginalized, including LGBTQ+ people and their families, will continue to be heard and addressed by the Vatican and other church leaders.”
Francis DeBernardo, executive director of New Ways Ministry, a Maryland-based LGBTQ Catholic organization, in a statement said there is “a special pride in having the first pope from the United States, his longtime ministry in Latin America most likely had an equally formative influence on his spirituality and approach to church issues.” DeBernardo, however, criticized Leo XIV’s 2012 comments.
“We pray that in the 13 years that have passed, 12 of which were under the papacy of Pope Francis, that his heart and mind have developed more progressively on LGBTQ+ issues, and we will take a wait-and-see attitude to see if that has happened,” he said.
“We pray that as our church transitions from 12 years of an historic papacy, Pope Leo XIV will continue the welcome and outreach to LGBTQ+ people which Pope Francis inaugurated,” added DeBernardo. “The healing that began with ‘Who am I to judge?’ needs to continue and grow to ‘Who am I, if not a friend to LGBTQ+ people?'”
DignityUSA agreed.
“We express concern with the former Cardinal’s statements — as reported in the New York Times — in a 2012 address to bishops, where he stated that Western news media and popular culture fostered ‘sympathy for beliefs and practices that are at odds with the gospel’ including the ‘homosexual lifestyle’ and ‘alternative families comprised of same-sex partners and their adopted children.'” We note that this statement was made during the papacy of Benedict XVI, when doctrinal adherence appeared to be expected,” said the organization in its statement. “In addition, the voices of LGBTQ people were rarely heard at that level of church leadership. We pray that Pope Leo XIV will demonstrate a willingness to listen and grow as he begins his new role as the leader of the global church.”
Vanuatu
Vanuatu lawmakers consider constitutional amendment to recognize two genders
Country decriminalized consensual same-sex sexual relations in 2007
Lawmakers in Vanuatu are considering an amendment to the country’s constitution that would recognize only two sexes: Male and female.
The Vanuatu Daily Post in an April 23 article quoted Vanuatu Christian Council Chair Collin Keleb, a pastor with the Presbyterian Church of Vanuatu, said the country “cannot allow someone from outside to influence or empower them (the LGBTQ community), which will cause them to go astray instead of maintaining and uniting ourselves as children of God.”
The country’s Council of Ministers has approved the proposed amendment. The Vanuatu Daily Post notes the government has said the measure would “align the country’s laws with the preambles of ‘Melanesian values and Christian principles’ upon which Vanuatu was founded.”
Vanuatu is an island country in the South Pacific that is located roughly 1,100 miles northeast of Australia’s Queensland state.
Consensual same-sex sexual relations have been decriminalized in Vanuatu since 2007.
It remains unclear when the proposed amendment will receive final approval.
El Salvador
Artistas drag marchan por derechos laborales, visibilidad LGBTQ en El Salvador
Lady Drag y Wila la Icónica participaron en el desfile del 1 de mayo
Dos artistas drag desfilaron este 1 de mayo por las principales calles de San Salvador como parte del recorrido de la marcha del Día Internacional del Trabajo, visibilizando realidades en la vulneración de los derechos humanos. La presencia de Lady Drag y Wila la Icónica destacó en medio de una movilización que, si bien contó con diversos sectores sindicales y sociales, registró escasa participación de organizaciones LGBTQ.
Con vestuarios llamativos y maquillaje escénico, las artistas se integraron a la marcha junto a otras expresiones ciudadanas. Durante todo el recorrido, desde el Parque Cuscatlán hasta el Monumento al Divino Salvador del Mundo, ambas realizaron un performance que buscó denunciar el desempleo, la precarización laboral y la exclusión de las diversidades sexuales y de género en el ámbito laboral.
“El Salvador necesita reformas no solamente en el código de trabajo, sino que también reformas en el sistema educativo”, expresó Lady Drag. “O sea, que nuestras autoridades también velen porque se nos respeten”, agregó refiriéndose a la población LGBTQ.
El performance incluyó desplazamientos performativos en donde el artista Wila la Icónica, rompió una constitución de la República de El Salvador. La representación culminó en El Salvador del Mundo, donde las artistas realizaron una pose simbólica frente al monumento, emulando una escena inspirada en “La Piedad”, como acto de denuncia y resistencia.
La participación de ambas artistas se produjo en un contexto de creciente precarización laboral para las personas LGBTQ en El Salvador, también en memoria de los detenidos injustamente por el régimen de excepción y como sus madres sufren por las negligencias del sistema. También mencionaron ser una pronunciación por los aumentos a las AFP y a la canasta básica ya que se avecina el aumento al salario mínimo.
De acuerdo con informes de organizaciones de derechos humanos, el sector LGBTQ enfrenta barreras estructurales para el acceso a empleos dignos, así como altos niveles de discriminación y violencia.
“Siempre hay ataques de intimidación, yo he sido víctima de ataques de intimidación de este gobierno, ataques de amenaza por hacer lo que hago y, sin embargo, no me han logrado doblegar y no me van a lograr doblegar”, concluyó Lady Drag.
Pocas propuestas, mucha propaganda: críticas al gobierno marcan la jornada
La marcha del 1 de mayo no solo fue escenario de demandas laborales, sino también de fuertes críticas al gobierno del presidente Nayib Bukele.
Diversos sectores denunciaron la falta de propuestas efectivas para atender el desempleo, la informalidad y la precarización del trabajo en El Salvador, especialmente en sectores vulnerables. Al igual que los despidos masivos que se han realizado en entidades gubernamentales.
Aunque el país ha registrado una aparente estabilidad macroeconómica, organizaciones sociales aseguran que esta no se traduce en mejoras reales para la mayoría de la población.
“El gobierno presume crecimiento, pero en las comunidades la gente sigue sin empleo, sin acceso a salud y sin garantías laborales. Lo que hay es más propaganda que soluciones”, manifestó activista de Resistencia Popular.
Según datos del Banco Central de Reserva, más del 60 por ciento de la población económicamente activa se encuentra en el sector informal, una cifra que ha variado poco en los últimos años. Activistas señalan que, en vez de generar políticas de empleo inclusivo, el Ejecutivo ha priorizado megaproyectos como Bitcoin City o la promoción del turismo, sin garantizar condiciones laborales dignas en esos sectores.
La ausencia de una propuesta concreta para atender las desigualdades laborales fue uno de los puntos más señalados durante la marcha.
“El gobierno habla de seguridad, pero guarda silencio ante el hambre, la migración forzada por falta de empleo y la discriminación laboral”, reclamó un representante sindical del sector docente.
Asimismo, existieron muchas críticas sobre las medidas estatales que continúan ignorando las violencias estructurales que enfrentan las mujeres y las personas de la diversidad sexual, muchas de las cuales sobreviven en economías informales, trabajos de cuidado no remunerados o el arte callejero como último recurso.
Visibilidad fragmentada: la diversidad sexual marchó sin acompañamiento colectivo
A diferencia de años anteriores, la presencia organizada de personas LGBTQ fue escasa en la marcha del Día del Trabajo de 2025. Aunque la representación artística de “La Piedad” logró captar la atención de centenares de personas durante el recorrido, no hubo una participación masiva de colectivos LGBTQ como bloque articulado.
Nicola Chávez, parte del equipo de AMATE El Salvador, mencionó que participar en esta marcha para AMATE implica poner temas de la población LGBTQ sobre la palestra de discusiones sobre condiciones laborales en El Salvador.
“Nuestra población generalmente tiene trabajos sumamente precarizados, sufren de bajos niveles de escolaridad”, comentó.
Chávez también asegura que para las personas que tienen expresiones de género diferentes a la norma u orientaciones sexuales diferente a la norma, es urgente que existan leyes de protección laboral y así las pocas personas que puedan entrar a un empleo más formal, no tengan que pasar por estas experiencias de no ser contratadas por su expresión de género o ser despedidas por lo mismo.
El decreto 56, fue un decreto emblemático que es mencionado siempre por activistas LGBTQ, ya que fue la primera vez que se tuvo la oportunidad de tener algún respaldo jurídico contra la discriminación en el ámbito laboral que lastimosamente solo tenía cobertura en el sector público, con empleados de gobierno.
Por su parte, una activista independiente de la diversidad sexual, que prefirió no revelar su nombre por razones de seguridad, lamentó la fragmentación actual del movimiento LGBTQ en El Salvador.
“Estamos en un contexto político donde las organizaciones tienen miedo o están cooptadas. Hay silencio, no hay propuestas, no hay diálogo. La comunidad diversa está siendo relegada también desde dentro”, señaló.
Ambas voces coinciden en que, hay mucho trabajo pendiente por hacer en favor de una población históricamente excluida, preocupa la situación en un país donde los discursos oficialistas y religiosos aún promueven la discriminación y la invisibilidad de las realidades LGBTQ en las agendas públicas.
La marcha del 1 de mayo volvió a ser un espacio donde convergieron múltiples voces, cuerpos y luchas. Desde sindicatos históricos hasta organizaciones estudiantiles, pasando por expresiones artísticas y personas independientes, la movilización dejó claro que las calles siguen siendo un escenario vital para demandar justicia social.
Aunque marcada por ausencias, como la escasa participación visible de colectivos LGBTQ, la marcha demostró que existen ganas de seguir alzando la voz, aunque sea desde distintas formas de expresión. Ya sea a través de pancartas, consignas o performances, las y los participantes coincidieron en una demanda central: respeto a los derechos laborales, condiciones dignas de trabajo y una vida libre de explotación.
En un contexto donde se criminaliza la protesta, se debilita la negociación colectiva y se precariza el empleo, el Día Internacional de las y los Trabajadores no fue solo una conmemoración, sino una reafirmación de que la lucha continúa. Una lucha plural, creativa y persistente que no se detendrá hasta que cada persona trabajadora, sin importar su identidad o condición, pueda vivir con dignidad.
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