Commentary
Oppression in silence: The UAE’s Deaf Congress and its anti-LGBTQIA stance
Homosexuality remains criminalized in the Middle East country

The World Federation of the Deaf (WFD) recently announced that the next Deaf Congress will take place at the United Arab Emirates. This is problematic because the UAE is one of the more than 64 countries that have laws and policies that criminalize homosexuality. We call on the WFD to switch the location to a country where all deaf attendees will be safe and welcome.
WFD represents nearly 72 million Deaf persons worldwide. They made the announcement at its 19th World Congress in Jeju, South Korea. The UAE was selected over runners-up Norway and Nigeria.
In the UAE, a kiss, a hug or holding hands byĀ same-sexĀ couples or public display of affection are forbidden and illegal. For instance in 2017, aĀ British man was arrested and jailed three months for touching a fellow manās hip.Ā Discussions about LGBTQIA topics areĀ also illegal.
In accordance with its mission and core values, the WFD works to advance and defend the human rights of all persons who are deaf, regardless of their gender, sexual orientation, age, ability, ethnicity, language or culture. Therefore, it is against its own mission to host a major event at the UAE.
It is crucial for international organizations like the WFD to take a stand against any form of discrimination including those faced by the LGBTQIA+ Deaf community living in the intersectionality of deafness and their sexual orientation including those from countries incriminating homosexuality. The World Congress should promote inclusivity. Such a World Congress would provide a platform for Deaf individuals to come together to share their experiences and address issues that are specific to their community. It would actively work towards inclusion by ensuring representation and equal participation for all Deaf people regardless of their background gender identity or sexual orientation.
Indeed, one important focus of the Congress should be to address the unique challenges faced by Deaf individuals who identify as LGBTQIA. This would foster dialogue and understanding within the Deaf community ensuring that all voices are heard and respected. By promoting acceptance and inclusivity the congress would contribute to a society where Deaf LGBTQIA individuals can live authentically without fear of discrimination or prejudice.
Instead, by choosing to hold the Deaf Congress in a country with anti-LGBTQIA+ policies and uncertainties, the WFD is sending a harmful message to the international community condoning discrimination and oppression. It is a slap in the face to the LGBTQIA+ Deaf community and their allies who have been fighting tirelessly for equal rights and recognition.
Moreover, hosting the congress in the UAE will put Deaf LGBTQIA+ attendees at risk. They could face persecution, harassment or even imprisonment under the country’s discriminatory laws. This lack of regard for their safety and well-being is unacceptable and contradicts the principles of inclusivity that should guide the WFD’s actions.
I recognize that holding the congress in the UAE means it would be more accessible for attendees in terms of costs and a lenient visa policy. Nevertheless, it is crucial to prioritize the inclusion and safety of LGBTQAI+ attendees. Thus, the organization should choose host countries that have a proven track record of upholding human rights, including the rights of LGBTQIA+ individuals, as well as ones with manageable vias policies. By doing so the WFD would send a powerful message that it stands firmly against any form of oppression and supports the rights and dignity of all Deaf people regardless of their sexual orientation or gender identity.
Furthermore, the WFD should use its platform to raise awareness about the challenges faced by LGBTQIA+ Deaf individuals around the world. By highlighting their experiences and advocating for their rights the WFD can contribute to the broader movement for LGBTQIA+ equality and help dismantle the barriers that stand in their way.
In addition, the WFD should be instrumental in raising awareness of issues relating to deafness as a diversity, improving accessibility at their events, and increasing the visibility of Deaf people in the LGBTIQ+ community. This should include coming up with creative ways to connect with and serve these people through their members.
In conclusion, the WFD’s decision to hold the 2027 Deaf Congress in the UAE, a country with a well-documented anti-LGBTQIA+ stance, is deeply concerning. It contradicts the principles of inclusivity and equality that the organization should uphold. By hosting the congress in a country that promotes discrimination and oppression, the WFD would be complicit in perpetuating the marginalization faced by the LGBTQIA+ community.
It is time for the WFD to take a stand and prioritize the rights and dignity of all Deaf people irrespective of their sexual orientation or gender identity.
Timothy Egwelu is a fellow at Deaf Legal Advocacy Worldwide.
Commentary
Is Nigeriaās anti-LGBTQ crackdown only meant for the poor?
Wealth and fame can shield one from prosecution in the country

The Nigeria Police Force in Delta State a few weeks ago arrested more than 67 suspected gay men for attending an alleged gay wedding. Authorities received a tip, they interrogated those arrested and suspicions were cemented on the basis that some of these young men crossed-dressed.
āWeāre bringing this out to the world to note, especially Nigerians, that weāre in Africa and Nigeria. We cannot copy the Western world,ā Deputy Police Supt. Bright Edafe said. āWeāre in Nigeria, and I can guarantee that the suspects will be charged to court.ā
Although these young men have since been released, this situation in Nigeria underscores a glaring paradox: A country that boasts a growing number of queer celebrities ā many of whom have embraced crossdressing as part of their persona ā maintains harsh legal actions against less privileged queer youths who express their identities. This unequal treatment sends a damaging message to the broader queer community; perpetuating a cycle of discrimination, fear and inequality.
In a nation marked by its vibrant culture and diversity, Nigeria’s anti-gay laws stand as a stark contradiction to the principles of tolerance and inclusivity. These laws not only criminalize same-sex relationships, but have also given rise to a troubling disparity in their enforcement. It has disproportionately targeted the poor, transgender individuals and crossdressers, while seemingly ignoring high-profile celebrities who freely express their identities.
Bobrisky, one of Nigeriaās most popular crossdressers who built a large following off of this lifestyle, went on their social media to probe the arrested crossdressers for openly presenting that way.
āI strongly believe you guys can learn from those A-list,ā they wrote. āFirstly, thereās a law passed against you guys that you canāt marry yourselves in this country, why the hell did you call yourselves together to organize a wedding?ā
āThat is the dumbest news I have ever read this week. You all deserve how you all were treated, sad truth. If you feel you are in love with your partner and you want to be together, why not relocate to where you are welcome,ā they continued.
One would think that they were able to make comments like this because they didnāt crossdress; but when you have enough financial and social privilege to wriggle your way out of situations for which your counterparts would otherwise be prosecuted, you would think that the law doesnāt apply to you.
Then-President Goodluck Jonathan in February 2014 passed the Same-Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act, which legalized the prosecution of anyone who shows sexual relations with the same sex. Nigerian MPs in April 2022 pushed to update the SSMPA with a bill that would essentially criminalize crossdressers and force them to face six months in prison, or pay a fine of $1,200.
The measure has yet to become law.
This targeting of transgender people and crossdressers by the Nigerian government is a distressing reality. These individuals often find themselves marginalized, not just socially, but also legally. Raids, arrests and harassment are commonplace for them, making it a daily struggle to live authentically. In a nation where gender expression should be celebrated as a testament to its cultural diversity, it is disheartening to witness these citizens ostracized and penalized for embracing their true selves.
On the other hand, the celebrities who have made crossdressing a part of their public image appear to exist in a different realm. They enjoy a level of visibility and fame that grants them an element of protection. Whether it’s due to their financial resources or their connections, they often escape the legal consequences that ordinary queer Nigerians face. This glaring contrast between the treatment of high-profile celebrities and everyday individuals exposes the systemic inequalities that persist in Nigeria’s legal system.
The implications of this disparity are profound. It sends a troubling message that wealth and fame can shield one from persecution, while those without such privileges bear the brunt of discriminatory laws. This perpetuates a culture of fear and silence among the less privileged queer community, preventing them from fully expressing their identities and participating in society without the constant threat of persecution.
Nigeria must engage in a profound societal dialogue surrounding the unequal treatment of its queer citizens to address this issue. It is crucial to question the legitimacy of laws that infringe upon the fundamental human rights of individuals based on their sexual orientation or gender identity. By sparking these meaningful conversations, we can begin to dismantle the harmful stereotypes and prejudices that fuel this disparity in treatment.
Nigeria’s anti-gay laws not only defy the principles of tolerance and inclusivity, but also expose a disconcerting imbalance in their enforcement. The stark contrast between the leniency shown to high-profile celebrities who embrace crossdressing and the harsh legal actions taken against less privileged queer youths sends a damaging message to the broader queer community. It is time for Nigeria to address this injustice, fostering a more inclusive and equitable society where all its citizens can embrace their identities without fear of persecution.
Commentary
O’Shae Sibley’s murder is an attack on LGBTQ people and their expression, as both rise
More than 350 anti-LGBTQ attacks reported between June 2022 and July 2023

BY HENRY HICKS IVĀ | What do the banning of a childrenās picture book about two male penguins, white supremacist stand-offs outside of weekend brunches and a killingĀ during impromptu dancing at a gas station have in common? Plenty. Each impinges on the escalating trend of attacks on LGBTQ+ people and their right to free expression.Ā
On the evening of July 29, OāShae Sibley pulled into a Brooklyn gas station parking lot with his friends to fill up their gas tank. As they waited for the tank to fill, the group spilled from the car and used the moment to move joyfully in the hot summer night, cranking the car radioās volume and dancing together. Sibley, a gay man, was also a skilled professional dancer and choreographer. He displayed his talents this night, voguing to the sounds of BeyoncĆ©, an artist that Sibley and his friends were fans of. By coincidence, the artist was performing just a few miles away that night, with professional voguers joining her on stage.
Vogueing, a dance style born out of the traditionally queer ballroom scene, is known for its electrifying dips, drops and duckwalks. The style has been prominently featured in the Golden Globe-winning television showĀ “Pose” ā and, more recently, on stage in BeyoncĆ©ās all-consumingĀ Renaissance World Tour. The energy of the ballroom scene has spirited communities across the country, as BeyoncĆ©ās tour has touched down city-by-city, and Sibley and his friends were not exempt to this reach. He was, in fact, eager to participate in his artistry as someone known for his role as a dancer, choreographer, and active member of New Yorkās ballroom community.Ā
As he and his friends vogued to BeyoncĆ© in the parking lot, moves that Sibley was adept in as an artist himself, they grabbed the attention of hostile onlookers. As captured on surveillance footage, Sibley was first berated with homophobic slurs ā Sibleyās vogue performance seeming to signal his sexuality to his attacker. Shortly following the verbal assault, things turned violent. Sibley was stabbed and murdered in a tragic hate crime, fueled by homophobia and triggered by Sibleyās open expression as a dancer and artist.
In mourning, and in defiant protest in the days following, the New York City queer communityĀ Ā hosted a memorial at the site of his murder where they honored his memory through performance,Ā with a vibrant and resistant ball.Ā
āYou wonāt break my soul. / You wonāt break my soul, no, no. / Iām telling everybody,ā BeyoncĆ© sings defiantly in her single, āBreak My Soul.ā
The murder of OāShae Sibley was devastating ā and a signal of a disturbing trend. Increasing violence toward LGBTQ+ people, and attempts to quash their personal and artistic expression, are on the rise in the United States. Advocacy organizations such as GLAAD and the Anti-Defamation League have reported surges in harassment, vandalism and physical violence against LGBTQ+ people ā with 356 instances being reported between June 2022 and April 2023. Transgender people, as well as drag performers, have been targeted at notably high rates. The Human Rights Campaign reported 34 murders of trans people ā mostly trans women of color ā in 2022 (HRC emphasizes that the actual number is likely higher, as most attacks go unreported, or are reported inaccurately.)
Drag shows across the country have faced threats and intimidation from armed protesters,Ā including the far-right extremist group, the Proud Boys. Gay bars have been targeted by armed assailants, such asĀ the tragic massacre thatoccurredĀ at Club Q in Colorado Springs, Colo., last November. Hospitals providing gender-affirming care to transgender youthĀ have been targeted with bomb threats. On Aug. 18, a California store ownerĀ was shot and killed for displaying a Pride flag. Harassment, threats of violence, and hate crimes against the LGBTQ+ communityĀ have steadily risen in recent years. It is clear that this bigotry has been emboldened and its first goal is to silence the free expression of LGBTQ+ people, through violence if necessary.Ā
The exponential increase in physical violence against LGBTQ+ people over the last few years cannot be divorced from the recent legislative environment that has grown ever-more hostile to LGBTQ+ expression. Bills categorizing drag shows as obscenity, book bans targeting LGBTQ+ authors and stories about queer identities in schools and public libraries, as well as other legislative attacks are part of this trend against the LGBTQ+ community. The attacks, both physical and through laws and bans, risk enabling a culture that normalizes repression of queer voices and increases the risk of violence aimed, in part, at suppressing expression of LGBTQ+ people, even when individuals are simply voguing to BeyoncƩ in public.
Starting in 2021, weāve seen a historic surge in book bans around the country, targeting LGBTQ+ voices and stories at a disproportionately high rate. PEN America has reported that among the top eleven books targeted by bans in the first half of the 2022-2023 school year, four focused on LGBTQ+ narratives. These challenges, paired with the historic number of bills targeting LGBTQ+ people in state legislatures across the United States ā with at least 566 bills ensnaring the broader LGBTQ+ community, according to the Trans Legislation Tracker ā contribute to the normalization of repressing personal and artistic expression of queer people. As these policy attacks continue to advance, violence against the LGBTQ+ community has surged.
And while OāShae Sibleyās murder occurred in New York, a state that has passed no anti-LGBTQ+ bills in the most recent legislative session, his brutal killing shows just how pervasive the impact of anti-LGBTQ+ legislative attacks on free expression in other states are, shaping a culture that spills across borders and impacting LGBTQ+ people throughout the country. Even states perceived to be supportive to the LGBTQ+ community, such as New York, are not immune to the cultural reach of anti-LGBTQ+ repression and intimidation: the home and office of Erik Bottcher, a gay city councilmember in New York City, was vandalized last December after he voiced support for Drag Story Hour, and more recently, a rainbow Pride flag at a Manhattan restaurant was intentionally lit on fire.
Political threats to LGBTQ+ expression, whether it be through restricting and chilling on-stage performance or making it virtually impossible to even acknowledge the existence of LGBTQ+ people in Florida and other statesā schools, have and will continue to put LGBTQ+ people at risk everywhere, chilling their ability to express themselves and potentially even sending them back into the closet, which, at its core, is a form of self-censorship.
A culture of free expression, where people can speak, write ā or dance ā free from fear of violence, is essential to a thriving democracy. LGBTQ+ people deserve to equally enjoy this right ā through creative performance, gender expression, or displays of joy. The ongoing trend of legislative attacks on drag, attempts to label LGBTQ+ stories as “obscene,” and the accompanying trend of violent assaults on LGBTQ+ people are attacks on free expression and must be condemned as such.
Henry Hicks IV is the coordinator for PEN Americaās U.S. Free Expression program. PEN America is committed to defending against attacks on LGBTQ+ free expression.
Commentary
Fly the Rainbow Flag in honor of Laura Ann Carleton, an LGBTQ ally
Murder in Cedar Glen, Calif., has sparked outrage around the country

The Gilbert Baker Foundation mourns the Aug. 18 murder of Laura Ann Carleton, a gift shop owner in Cedar Glen, Calif. A longtime LGBTQ+ ally, Lauri was shot dead by a man who complained about the Pride flag displayed at her store. Carleton leaves behind a husband and nine children.
The world has reacted with anger to this shocking hate crime. But people should not be surprised. This is the inevitable conclusion of mounting Republican Party and conservative attacks on the LGBTQ+ community. They label us as groomers, they lie that we are recruiting children. They ban our books, halt trans care, censor our school curricula. And all this hatred creates more hatred. Now it has led to the brutal and senseless murder of a straight woman whose only crime was to support her LGBTQ+ friends by flying a Pride flag.
The blood of Lauri Carleton is on the hands of every conservative politician who makes verbal and legislative attacks on the LGBTQ+ community. Make no mistake; this horrendous crime is no isolated incident. Across the country the Rainbow Flag has been banned in 40 cities. Right-wing legislators have also tried to ban the flag nationally ā over 30 members of the U.S. House of Representatives voted for such a proposal earlier this year. This wave of censorship and anti-LGBTQ+ sentiment has created a climate ripe for hate crimes, and now a brutal murder in Cedar Glen.
The Gilbert Baker Foundation unequivocally condemns the rhetoric of hatred promoted by conservative and homophobic politicians. Words have consequences. Words of hate have even greater consequences. In memory of Lauri Carleton, the foundation asks every American to display a Rainbow Flag ā at their homes, at their businesses ā to let the haters across America.
Charles Beal is the president of the Gilbert Baker Foundation.
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