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Will Manning case harm effort to lift trans military ban?

Convicted soldier: ‘I am Chelsea Manning. I am female’

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(Photo by Diane Perlman)

(Photo by Diane Perlman)

One day after a military judge sentenced then-U.S. Army private Bradley Manning to 35 years in prison for leaking classified documents to Wikileaks, the 25-year-old soldier released a statement through her attorney coming out as transgender.

ā€œAs I transition into this next phase of my life, I want everyone to know the real me,ā€ Manning said. ā€œI am Chelsea Manning. I am a female.ā€

Manningā€™s dramatic announcement was first disclosed on NBCā€™s ā€œThe Today Showā€ early Thursday morning by her lead defense attorney, David Coombs, who said Chelsea Manning will request from prison authorities permission to undergo hormone therapy.

If prison officials donā€™t agree to Manningā€™s request, ā€œthen Iā€™m going to do everything in my power to make sure they are forced to do so,ā€ Coombs said.

Manningā€™s sentencing and declaration that she is a transgender woman follows a protracted trial that transgender activists fear has set back their quest to persuade the military to lift its ban on transgender service members.

The sentence came one week after Manningā€™s attorneys argued that Manningā€™s decision to leak more than 700,000 classified military and diplomatic documents along with video footage of battlefield scenes was due, in part, to the stress Manning was experiencing over her gender identity.

Earlier in the trial, the defense disclosed that Manning ā€“ who initially identified as a gay man ā€“ had been quietly struggling over whether she was a transgender woman.

Last week, defense attorneys released a photo of Manning dressed as a woman with a blond wig. Her attorney presented as a witness a military therapist who testified that Manning emailed him the photo along with a letter describing her gender identity as a ā€œproblem.ā€

ā€œYou put him in that kind of hyper-masculine environment, if you will, with little support and few coping skills, the pressure would have been difficult to say the least,ā€ the Associated Press quoted the therapist, Capt. Michael Worsley, as saying in his testimony last week at the sentencing phase of Manningā€™s court martial. ā€œIt would have been incredible.ā€

Two prominent transgender activists who have served in the military before transitioning from male to female told the Washington Blade ā€” just before Manning disclosed sheā€™s transgender ā€” that a large number of closeted transgender service members currently are performing their duties flawlessly while experiencing some of the same pressures related to their gender identity that Manning might have experienced.

The future of transgender military service

ā€œOur view is Manningā€™s gender identity ā€” no matter what it is ā€” does not justify what he did,ā€ Brynn Tannehill, a transgender woman and former Lt. Commander in the Navy, told the Blade prior to Manning’s Thursday announcement. She currently serves as spokesperson for the Trans Chapter of SPART*A, a group representing mostly active duty LGBT service members.

ā€œIf Bradley Manning is transgender and if he struggles over this, we can empathize over that,ā€ Tannehill told the Blade in a telephone interview Tuesday night. ā€œBut we do not believe it should excuse what he did.ā€

Tannehill added, ā€œWe know many trans military people with highly distinguished careers. So the argument that being transgender made him do this is patently false.ā€

Tannehill and transgender advocate Autumn Sandeen, who transitioned from male to female after retiring from the Navy, said the negative publicity surrounding Manningā€™s personal struggle with her gender identity is overshadowing the overwhelming majority of service members grappling with their gender identity who quietly do their jobs well.

The two noted that as many as 120 closeted transgender service members affiliated with the SPART*A group canā€™t come out as positive role models because they would be subject to discharge under a military regulation that strictly prohibits ā€œtranssexualismā€ and ā€œgender transformationā€ within the military.

ā€œIn my last four years in the Navy I was grappling with gender identity and yet I did my job,ā€ said Sandeen, who lives in San Diego.

Among other things, Sandeen said she had access to classified information while serving on a ship. She says she and other transgender people she knows had similar access to classified information never mishandled or released such information.

ā€œ[Manning] will be used as an example of why transgender people shouldnā€™t serve in the military,ā€ she said.

Sandeen said the transgender people she knows, both civilians and military members, are divided over whether what Manning did was good or bad for the country, just as other Americans are divided over the issue.

Chelsea Manning and Wikileaks

In July Manning was found not guilty of aiding the enemy, the most serious charge filed against her. But the military judge, Army Col. Denise Lind, found her guilty of nearly all of the other charges filed against her, including six counts of violating the U.S. Espionage Act.

Manningā€™s supporters say the information she leaked to the whistleblower group Wikileaks shined a spotlight on flawed U.S. policies and military practices in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars that would not otherwise have been brought to the attention of the American public.

Government prosecutors argued that Manningā€™s actions placed U.S. troops in jeopardy by revealing classified information that terrorists and other enemies could use against U.S. military and civil personnel stationed overseas.

ā€œPersonally, if Manning comes out as transgender I will be someone who owns him, but owns him as a person who did wrong,ā€ Sandeen told the Blade the day prior to Manning’s announcement that she was transitioning. ā€œWe have to take the good with the bad.ā€

Mara Keisling, executive director of the National Center for Transgender Equality, told the Blade on Thursday following Manningā€™s announcement that sheā€™s a transgender woman that the Manning case was a ā€œtemporary blipā€ in the ongoing efforts to obtain equal rights for transgender people.

ā€œIn the long run, this wonā€™t have an impact on the LGBT rights movement,ā€ Mara said. ā€œWith thousands of transgender people coming out, we are moving ahead on the education front concerning transgender equality.ā€

Keisling criticized a statement released by the Army on Thursday that Manning most likely would not be allowed to obtain hormone treatment to facilitate her gender transition while serving time in an Army prison in Fort Leavenworth, Kan.

ā€œThatā€™s not going to be the final word,ā€ she said. ā€œYou canā€™t deny health care to prisoners. Thatā€™s unconstitutional because it amounts to cruel and unusual punishment.ā€

Keisling was referring to the prevailing views of the medical and mental health professions, including the American Medical Association, that being transgender is a medical condition that requires various means of treatment, including hormone therapy, to facilitate a healthy transition from one gender to another.

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Maryland

Md. governor signs Freedom to Read Act

Law seeks to combat book bans

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Maryland Gov. Wes Moore (Public domain photo/Twitter)

Maryland Gov. Wes Moore on Thursday signed a bill that seeks to combat efforts to ban books from state libraries.

House Bill 785, also known as the Freedom to Read Act, would establish a state policy ā€œthat local school systems operate their school library media programs consistent with certain standards; requiring each local school system to develop a policy and procedures to review objections to materials in a school library media program; prohibiting a county board of education from dismissing, demoting, suspending, disciplining, reassigning, transferring, or otherwise retaliating against certain school library media program personnel for performing their job duties consistent with certain standards.ā€

Moore on Thursday also signed House Bill 1386, which GLSEN notes will ā€œdevelop guidelines for an anti-bias training program for school employees.ā€

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District of Columbia

Catching up with the asexuals and aromantics of D.C.

Exploring identity and finding community

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Local asexuals and aromantics met recently on the National Mall.

There was enough commotion in the sky at the Blossom Kite Festival that bees might have been pollinating the Washington Monument. I despaired of quickly finding the Asexuals and Aromantics of the Mid-Atlanticā€”I couldnā€™t make out a single asexual flag among the kites up above. I thought to myself that if it had been the Homosexuals of the Mid-Atlantic I wouldā€™ve had my gaydar to rely on. Was there even such a thing as ace-dar?

As it turned out, the asexual kite the group had meant to fly was a little too pesky to pilot. ā€œHave you ever used a stunt kite?ā€ Bonnie, the event organizer asked me. ā€œI bought one. It looked really cool. But I canā€™t make it work.ā€ She sighed. ā€œI canā€™t get the thing six feet off the ground.ā€ The group hardly seemed to care. There was caramel popcorn and cookies, board games and head massages, a game of charades with more than its fair share of PokĆ©mon. The kites up above might as well have been a coincidental sideshow. Nearly two dozen folks filtered in and out of the picnic throughout the course of the day.

But I counted myself lucky that Bonnie picked me out of the crowd. If thereā€™s such a thing as ace-dar, it eludes asexuals too. The online forum for all matters asexual, AVEN, or the Asexual Visibility and Education Network, is filled with laments: ā€œI donā€™t think itā€™s possible.ā€ ā€œDude, I wish I had an ace-dar.ā€ ā€œIf it exists, I donā€™t have it.ā€ ā€œI think this is just like a broken clock is right twice a day type thing.ā€ What seems to be a more common experience is meeting someone you just click withā€”only to find out later that theyā€™re asexual. A few of the folks I met described how close childhood friends of theirs likewise came out in adulthood, a phenomenon that will be familiar to many queer people. But it is all the more astounding for asexuals to find each other this way, given that asexual people constitute 1.7% of sexual minorities in America, and so merely .1% of the population at large. 

To help other asexuals identify you out in the world, some folks wear a black ring on their middle finger, much as an earring on the right ear used to signify homosexuality in a less welcoming era. The only problem? The swinger communityā€”with its definite non-asexualityā€”has also adopted the signal. ā€œItā€™s still a thing,ā€ said Emily Karp. ā€œSo some people wear their ace rings just to the ace meet-ups.ā€ Karp has been the primary coordinator for the Asexuals and Aromantics of the Mid-Atlantic (AAMA) since 2021, and a member of the meet-up for a decade. She clicked with the group immediately. After showing up for a Fourth of July potluck in the mid-afternoon, she ended up staying past midnight. ā€œWe played Cards against Humanity, which was a very, very fun thing to do. It’s funny in a way thatā€™s different than if we were playing with people that weren’t ace. Some of the cards are implying, like, the person would be motivated by sex in a way that’s absurd, because we know they aren’t.ā€ 

Where so many social organizations withered during the pandemic, the AAMA flourished. Today, it boasts almost 2,000 members on meetup.com. Karp hypothesized that all the social isolation gave people copious time to reflect on themselves, and that the ease of meeting up online made it convenient as a way for people to explore their sexual identity and find community. Online events continue to make up about a third of the groupā€™s meet-ups. The format allows people to participate who live farther out from D.C. And it allows people to participate at their preferred level of comfort: while many people participate much as they would at an in-person event, some prefer to watch anonymously, video feed off. Others prefer to participate in the chat box, though not in spoken conversation.

A recent online event was organized for a discussion of Rhaina Cohenā€™s book, ā€œThe Other Significant Others,ā€ published in February. Cohenā€™s book discusses friendship as an alternative model for ā€œsignificant others,ā€ apart from the romantic model that is presupposed to be both the center and goal of peopleā€™s lives. The AAMA group received the book with enthusiasm. ā€œIt literally re-wired my brain,ā€ as one person put it. People discussed the importance of friendship to their lives, and their difficulties in a world that de-prioritized friendship. ā€œI can break up with a friend over text, and we donā€™t owe each other a conversation,ā€ one said. But there was some disagreement when it came to the bookā€™s discussion of romantic relationships. ā€œIt relegates ace relationships to the ā€˜friendā€™ or ā€˜platonicā€™ category, to the normie-reader,ā€ one person wrote in the chat. ā€œOur whole ace point is that we can have equivalent life relationships to allo people, simply without sex.ā€ (ā€œAlloā€ is shorthand for allosexual or alloromantic, people who do experience sexual or romantic attraction.)

The folks of the AAMA do not share a consensus on the importance of romantic relationships to their lives. Some asexuals identify as aromantic, some donā€™t. And some aromantics donā€™t identify as asexual, either. The ā€œAromanticā€ in the title of the group is a relatively recent addition. In 2017, the group underwent a number of big changes. The group was marching for the first time in D.C. Pride, participating in the LGBTQ Creating Change conference, and developing a separate advocacy and activism arm. Moreover, the group had become large enough that discussions were opened up into forming separate chapters for D.C., Central Virginia, and Baltimore. During those discussions, the group leadership realized that aromantic people who also identified as allosexual didnā€™t really have a space to call their own. ā€œWe were thinking it would be good to probably change the name of the Meetup group,ā€ Emily said. ā€œBut we were not 100% sure. Because [there were] like 1,000 people in the group, and theyā€™re all aces, and itā€™s like, ā€˜Do you really want to add a non-ace person?ā€™ā€ The group leadership decided to err on the side of inclusion. ā€œYou know, being less gatekeep-y was better. It gave them a place to go ā€” because there was nowhere else to go.ā€

The DC LGBT Center now sponsors a support group for both asexuals and aromantics, but it was formed just a short while ago, in 2022. The founder of the group originally sought out the centerā€™s bisexual support group, since they didnā€™t have any resources for ace folks. ā€œThe organizer said, you know what, why donā€™t we just start an ace/aro group? Like, why donā€™t we just do it?ā€ He laughed. ā€œI was impressed with the turnout, the first call. Itā€™s almost like we tapped into, like, a dam. You poke a hole in the dam, and the water just rushes out.ā€ The group has a great deal of overlap with the AAMA, but it is often a personā€™s first point of contact with the asexual and aromantic community in D.C., especially since the group focuses on exploring what it means to be asexual. Someone new shows up at almost every meeting. ā€œAnd Iā€™m so grateful that I did,ā€ one member said. ā€œI kind of showed up and just trauma dumped, and everyone was really supportive.ā€

Since the ace and aro community is so small, even within the broader queer community, ace and aro folks often go unrecognized. To the chagrin of many, the White House will write up fact sheets about the LGBTQI+ community, which is odd, given that when the ā€œIā€ is added to the acronym, the ā€œAā€ is usually added too. OKCupid has 22 genders and 12 orientations on its dating website, but ā€œaromanticā€ is not one of them ā€” presumably because aromantic people donā€™t want anything out of dating. And since asexuality and aromanticism are defined by the absence of things, it can seem to others like ace and aro people are ā€˜missing something.ā€™ One member of the LGBT center support group had an interesting response. ā€œThe space is filled byā€¦ whatever else!ā€ they said.  ā€œWeā€™re not doing a relationship ā€˜without that thing.ā€™ Weā€™re doing a full scale relationship ā€” as it makes sense to us.ā€

CJ Higgins is a postdoctoral fellow with the Alexander Grass Humanities Institute at Johns Hopkins University.

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District of Columbia

Bowser budget proposal calls for $5.25 million for 2025 World Pride

AIDS office among agencies facing cuts due to revenue shortfall

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D.C. Mayor Muriel Bowserā€™s proposed 2025 budget includes a request for $5.25 million in funding to support the 2025 World Pride celebration. (Washington Blade file photo by Michael Key)

D.C. Mayor Muriel Bowserā€™s proposed fiscal year 2025 budget includes a request for $5.25 million in funding to support the June 2025 World Pride celebration, which D.C. will host, and which is expected to bring three million or more visitors to the city.

The mayorā€™s proposed budget, which she presented to the D.C. Council for approval earlier this month, also calls for a 7.6 percent increase in funding for the Mayorā€™s Office of LGBTQ Affairs, which amounts to an increase of $132,000 and would bring the officeā€™s total funding to $1.7 million. The office, among other things, provides grants to local organizations that provide  services to the LGBTQ community.

Among the other LGBTQ-related funding requests in the mayorā€™s proposed budget is a call to continue the annual funding of $600,000 to provide workforce development services for transgender and gender non-conforming city residents ā€œexperiencing homelessness and housing instability.ā€ The budget proposal also calls for a separate allocation of $600,000 in new funding to support a new Advanced Technical Center at the Whitman-Walker Healthā€™s Max Robinson Center in Ward 8.

Among the city agencies facing funding cuts under the mayorā€™s proposed budget is the HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Disease, and Tuberculosis Administration, known as HAHSTA, which is an arm of the D.C. Department of Health. LGBTQ and AIDS activists have said HAHSTA plays an important role in the cityā€™s HIV prevention and support services. Observers familiar with the agency have said it recently lost federal funding, which the city would have to decide whether to replace.

ā€œWe werenā€™t able to cover the loss of federal funds for HAHSTA with local funds,ā€ Japer  Bowles, director of the Mayorā€™s Office of LGBTQ Affairs, told the Washington Blade. ā€œBut we are working with partners to identify resources to fill those funding  gaps,ā€ Bowles said.

The total proposed budget of $21 billion that Bowser submitted to the D.C. Council includes about $500 million in proposed cuts in various city programs that the mayor said was needed to offset a projected $700 million loss in revenue due, among other things, to an end in pandemic era federal funding and commercial office vacancies also brought about by the post pandemic commercial property and office changes.

Bowserā€™s budget proposal also includes some tax increases limited to sales and business-related taxes, including an additional fee on hotel bookings to offset the expected revenue losses. The mayor said she chose not to propose an increase in income tax or property taxes.

Earlier this year, the D.C. LGBTQ+ Budget Coalition, which consists of several local LGBTQ advocacy organizations, submitted its own fiscal year 2025 budget proposal to both Bowser and the D.C. Council. In a 14-page letter the coalition outlined in detail a wide range of funding proposals, including housing support for LGBTQ youth and LGBTQ seniors; support for LGBTQ youth homeless services; workforce and employment services for transgender and gender non-conforming residents; and harm reduction centers to address the rise in drug overdose deaths.

Another one of the coalitionā€™s proposals is $1.5 million in city funding for the completion of the D.C. Center for the LGBTQ Communityā€™s new building, a former warehouse building in the cityā€™s Shaw neighborhood that is undergoing a build out and renovation to accommodate the LGBTQ Centerā€™s plans to move in later this year. The coalitionā€™s budget proposal also calls for an additional $300,000 in ā€œrecurringā€ city funding for the LGBTQ Center in subsequent years ā€œto support ongoing operational costs and programmatic initiatives.ā€

Bowles noted that Bowser authorized and approved a $1 million grant for the LGBTQ Centerā€™s new building last year but was unable to provide additional funding requested by the budget coalition for the LGBTQ Center for fiscal year 2025.

ā€œWeā€™re still in this with them,ā€ Bowles said. ā€œWeā€™re still looking and working with them to identify funding.ā€

The total amount of funding that the LGBTQ+ Budget Coalition listed in its letter to the mayor and Council associated with its requests for specific LGBTQ programs comes to $43.1 million.

Heidi Ellis, who serves as coordinator of the coalition, said the coalition succeeded in getting some of its proposals included in the mayorā€™s budget but couldnā€™t immediately provide specific amounts.  

ā€œThere are a couple of areas I would argue we had wins,ā€ Ellis told the Blade. ā€œWe were able to maintain funding across different housing services, specifically around youth services that affect folks like SMYAL and Wanda Alston.ā€ She was referring to the LGBTQ youth services group SMYAL and the LGBTQ organization Wanda Alston Foundation, which provides housing for homeless LGBTQ youth.

ā€œWe were also able to secure funding for the transgender, gender non-conforming workforce program,ā€ she said. ā€œWe also had funding for migrant services that weā€™ve been advocating for and some wins on language access,ā€ said Ellis, referring to programs assisting LGBTQ people and others who are immigrants and arenā€™t fluent in speaking English.

Ellis said that although the coalitionā€™s letter sent to the mayor and Council had funding proposals that totaled $43.1 million, she said the coalition used those numbers as examples for programs and policies that it believes would be highly beneficial to those in the LGBTQ community in need.

 ā€œI would say to distill it down to just we ask for $43 million or whatever, thatā€™s not an accurate picture of what weā€™re asking for,ā€ she said. ā€œWeā€™re asking for major investments around a few areas ā€“ housing, healthcare, language access. And for capital investments to make sure the D.C. Center can open,ā€ she said. ā€œItā€™s not like a narrative about the dollar amounts. Itā€™s more like where weā€™re trying to go.ā€

The Blade couldnā€™tā€™ immediately determine how much of the coalitionā€™s funding proposals are included in the Bowser budget. The mayorā€™s press secretary, Daniel Gleick, told the Blade in an email that those funding levels may not have been determined by city agencies.

ā€œAs for specific funding levels for programs that may impact the LGBTQ community, such as individual health programs through the Department of Health, it is too soon in the budget process to determine potential adjustments on individual programs run though city agencies,ā€ Gleick said.

But Bowles said several of the programs funded in the mayorā€™s budget proposal that are not LGBTQ specific will be supportive of LGBTQ programs. Among them, he said, is the budgetā€™s proposal for an increase of $350,000 in funding for senior villages operated by local nonprofit organizations that help support seniors. Asked if that type of program could help LGBTQ seniors, Bowles said, ā€œAbsolutely ā€“ thatā€™s definitely a vehicle for LGBTQ senior services.ā€

He said among the programs the increased funding for the mayorā€™s LGBTQ Affairs office will support is its ongoing cultural competency training for D.C. government employees. He said he and other office staff members conduct the trainings about LGBTQ-related issues at city departments and agencies.

Bowser herself suggested during an April 19 press conference that local businesses, including LGBTQ businesses and organizations, could benefit from a newly launched city ā€œPop-Up Permit Programā€ that greatly shortens the time it takes to open a business in vacant storefront buildings in the downtown area.

Bowser and Nina Albert, D.C. Deputy Mayor for Planning and Economic Development, suggested the new expedited city program for approving permits to open shops and small businesses in vacant storefront spaces could come into play next year when D.C. hosts World Pride, one of the wordā€™s largest LGBTQ events.

ā€œWhile we know that all special events are important, there is an especially big one coming to Washington, D.C. next year,ā€ Bowser said at the press conference. ā€œAnd to that point, we proposed a $5.25 million investment to support World Pride 2025,ā€ she said, adding, ā€œItā€™s going to be pretty great. And so, weā€™re already thinking about how we can include D.C. entrepreneurs, how weā€™re going to include artists, how weā€™re going to celebrate across all eight wards of our city as well,ā€ she said.

Among those attending the press conference were officials of D.C.ā€™s Capital Pride Alliance, which will play a lead role in organizing World Pride 2025 events.

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