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DOMA ruled unconstitutional in Calif. employee case

Federal court also strikes down portion of U.S. tax code

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Another federal court has ruled against Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act in a California case challenging the constitutionality of the law as well as a portion of the federal tax code.

On Thursday, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California declared the laws unconstitutional because they preclude plaintiffs from allowing their partners — whether in a union of marriage or a domestic partnership — from participating in a long-term care insurance program maintained by the California Public Employees’ Retirement System, or CalPERS. The decision was signed by U.S. District Judge Claudia Wilken.

“The Court finds that § 3 of the DOMA violates the equal protection rights of Plaintiff same-sex spouses, and subparagraph (C) of § 7702B(f) violates the equal protection rights of Plaintiff registered domestic partners,” Wilken writes. “Therefore, both provisions are constitutionally invalid to the extent that they exclude Plaintiff same-sex spouses and registered domestic partners from enrollment in the CalPERS long-term care plan.”

The class-action lawsuit, known as Dragovich v. Department of the Treasury, was filed against both federal and state defendants because they precluded California public employees from taking part in CALPERS. The San Francisco-based Legal Aid Society–Employment Law Center filed the case along with Zelle Hofmann Voelbel & Mason LLP.

The decision by Wilken, who was appointed in 1993 by former President Clinton, enjoins both federal and state officials from blocking these workers from participating in these programs. However, a stay could be granted if an appeal is filed.

DOMA, a 1996 law that bars federal recognition of same-sex marriage, applies to CalPERS because the law regulates state-sponsored long-term care plans.

But Title 26 U.S.C. § 7702B(f), also enacted in 1996 as part of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, or HIPAA, was also struck down because it has language excluding same-sex partners from the program. That portion of the law aims to provide favorable federal tax treatment to participants in state-maintained long-term care insurance plans for state employees like CalPERS.

Michael Dragovich, the lead plaintiff in the case and a nurse specializing in liver transplants at the University of California, San Francisco, praised the decision for allowing him and his partner to participate fully in CalPERS, which he joined as a state employee in 1997.

“I’ve been in a committed relationship with my partner for more than 30 years,” Dragovich said. “I am so pleased that our relationship will now be treated equally to the committed relationships of my heterosexual co-workers.”

Elizabeth Kristen, senior staff attorney for the Legal Aid Society–Employment Law Center and director of its gender equity program, said the decision upholds fairness under the law.

“Lesbian and gay couples are entitled to fair and equal treatment from the federal government,” Kristen said. “Judge Wilken’s ruling ensures that both same-sex spouses and registered domestic partners will be treated fairly with respect to the CalPERS long term care insurance program.”

In the determination that DOMA is unconstitutional, Wilkens brings up examples of statements made by members of Congress in 1996 suggesting an anti-gay animus, including an attempt to overturn to defund D.C.’s domestic partnership law in the early 1990s.

“Congress discussed registered domestic partnership laws prior to and during 1996, when the statutes challenged here were passed,” Wilken writes. “These discussions occurred after the District of Columbia passed, in April 1992, the Health Care Benefits Expansion Act, which established a domestic partnership registry in that jurisdiction. Congress reacted to the new law by barring any local or federal funding to implement, enforce or administer the registry.”

Douglas Nejaime, who’s gay and a law professor at Loyola University, said the decision is noteworthy because it strikes down both DOMA and separately finds excluding California registered domestic partners under the long-term care insurance regulations violates constitutional equal protection principles.

“The other interesting thing here is that the case implicates the relationship between state programs and federal regulation in a way that will continue to arise and produce issues not simply regarding marriage recognition for same-sex couples but recognition of non-marital same-sex relationships that are treated as ‘spousal’ relationships under state law,” NeJaime said.

According to the decision, plaintiffs had sought summary judgment in the case to obtain immediate relief. State defendants and lawyers for attorneys working for the Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group under U.S. House Speaker John Boehner (R-Ohio) had opposed this motion. Nonetheless, the court denied these requests and granted summary judgment in favor of plaintiffs.

Wilken’s decision marks the fourth time a federal court has ruled against DOMA. The first time was in 2009 when U.S. District Judge Joseph Tauro in Masschusetts ruled against DOMA in two separate cases: Gill v. Office of Personnel Management and Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Department of Health & Human Services. Those case are now pending before the U.S. First Circuit Court of Appeals.

The third time took place in February. U.S. District Judge Jeffrey White of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California ruled against DOMA in the case of Golinski v. United States. The case is before the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals and oral arguments are scheduled for September.

But NeJaime said this case is unlike the Golinski case because of the standard of review that Wilken exercised. In the Golinksi case, White conducted both a heightened scrutiny and rational basis analysis review. In the Dragovich case, Wilken finds that he’s constrained under Ninth Circuit precedent and thus applies only rational basis review, but still determines DOMA fails under this more deferential standard.

The decision also marks the first time that a court has made a decision on DOMA following President Obama’s announcement that he support same-sex marriage, although no reference to Obama’s words appears in the ruling.

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Puerto Rico

Bad Bunny shares Super Bowl stage with Ricky Martin, Lady Gaga

Puerto Rican activist celebrates half time show

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Bad Bunny performs at the Super Bowl halftime show on Feb. 8, 2026. (Screen capture via NFL/YouTube)

Bad Bunny on Sunday shared the stage with Ricky Martin and Lady Gaga at the Super Bowl halftime show in Santa Clara, Calif.

Martin came out as gay in 2010. Gaga, who headlined the 2017 Super Bowl halftime show, is bisexual. Bad Bunny has championed LGBTQ rights in his native Puerto Rico and elsewhere.

“Not only was a sophisticated political statement, but it was a celebration of who we are as Puerto Ricans,” Pedro Julio Serrano, president of the LGBTQ+ Federation of Puerto Rico, told the Washington Blade on Monday. “That includes us as LGBTQ+ people by including a ground-breaking superstar and legend, Ricky Martin singing an anti-colonial anthem and showcasing Young Miko, an up-and-coming star at La Casita. And, of course, having queer icon Lady Gaga sing salsa was the cherry on the top.”

La Casita is a house that Bad Bunny included in his residency in San Juan, the Puerto Rican capital, last year. He recreated it during the halftime show.

“His performance brought us together as Puerto Ricans, as Latin Americans, as Americans (from the Americas) and as human beings,” said Serrano. “He embraced his own words by showcasing, through his performance, that the ‘only thing more powerful than hate is love.’”

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Human Rights Watch sharply criticizes US in annual report

Trump-Vance administration ‘working to undermine … very idea of human rights’

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(Washington Blade photo by Yariel Valdés González)

Human Rights Watch Executive Director Philippe Bolopion on Wednesday sharply criticized the Trump-Vance administration over its foreign policy that includes opposition to LGBTQ rights.

“The U.S. used to actually be a government that was advancing the rights of LGBT people around the world and making sure that it was finding its way into resolutions, into U.N. documents,” he said in response to a question the Washington Blade asked during a press conference at Human Rights Watch’s D.C. offices. “Now we see the opposite movement.”

Human Rights Watch on Wednesday released its annual human rights report that is highly critical of the U.S., among other countries.

“Under relentless pressure from U.S. President Donald Trump, and persistently undermined by China and Russia, the rules-based international order is being crushed, threatening to take with it the architecture human rights defenders have come to rely on to advance norms and protect freedoms,” said Bolopion in its introductory paragraph. “To defy this trend, governments that still value human rights, alongside social movements, civil society, and international institutions, need to form a strategic alliance to push back.”

From left: Human Rights Watch Executive Director Philippe Bolopion and Human Rights Watch Washington Director Sarah Yager at a press conference at Human Rights Watch’s D.C. offices on Feb. 4, 2026. (Photo courtesy of Human Rights Watch)

The report, among other things, specifically notes the U.S. Supreme Court’s Skrmetti decision that uphold a Tennessee law banning gender-affirming medical interventions for minors.

The Trump-Vance administration has withdrawn the U.S. from the U.N. LGBTI Core Group, a group of U.N. member states that have pledged to support LGBTQ and intersex rights, and the U.N. Human Rights Council. Bolopion in response to the Blade’s question during Wednesday’s press conference noted the U.S. has also voted against LGBTQ-inclusive U.N. resolutions.

Maria Sjödin, executive director of Outright International, a global LGBTQ and intersex advocacy group, in an op-ed the Blade published on Jan. 28 wrote the movement around the world since the Trump-Vance administration took office has lost more than $125 million in funding.

The U.S. Agency for International Development, which funded myriad LGBTQ and intersex organizations around the world, officially shut down on July 1, 2025. The Trump-Vance administration last month announced it will expand the global gag rule, which bans U.S. foreign aid for groups that support abortion and/or offer abortion-related services, to include organizations that promote “gender ideology.”

“LGBTQ rights are not just a casualty of the Trump foreign policy,” said Human Rights Watch Washington Director Sarah Yager during the press conference. “It is the intent of the Trump foreign policy.”

The report specifically notes Ugandan authorities since the enactment of the country’s Anti-Homosexuality Act in 2023, which punishes “‘carnal knowledge’ between people of the same gender” with up to life in prison, “have perpetrated widespread discrimination and violence against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people, their families, and their supporters.” It also highlights Russian authorities “continued to widely use the ‘gay propaganda’ ban” and prosecuted at least two people in 2025 for their alleged role in “‘involving’ people in the ‘international LGBT movement’” that the country’s Supreme Court has deemed an extremist organization.

The report indicates the Hungarian government “continued its attacks on and scapegoating of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people” in 2025, specifically noting its efforts to ban Budapest Pride that more than 100,000 people defied. The report also notes new provisions of Indonesia’s penal code that took effect on Jan. 2 “violate the rights of women, religious minorities, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people, and undermine the rights to freedom of speech and association.”

“This includes the criminalization of all sex outside of marriage, effectively rendering adult consensual same-sex conduct a crime in Indonesia for the first time in the country’s history,” it states.

Bolopion at Wednesday’s press conference said women, people with disabilities, religious minorities, and other marginalized groups lose rights “when democracy is retreating.”

“It’s actually a really good example of how the global retreat from the U.S. as an actor that used to be very imperfectly — you know, with a lot of double standards — but used to be part of this global effort to advance rights and norms for everyone,” he said. “Now, not only has it retreated, which many people expected, but in fact, is now working against it, is working to undermine the system, is working to undermine, at times, the very idea of human rights.”

“That’s definitely something we are acutely aware of, and that we are pushing back,” he added.

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Maryland

4th Circuit dismisses lawsuit against Montgomery County schools’ pronoun policy

Substitute teacher Kimberly Polk challenged regulation in 2024

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(Photo by Sergei Gnatuk via Bigstock)

A federal appeals court has ruled Montgomery County Public Schools did not violate a substitute teacher’s constitutional rights when it required her to use students’ preferred pronouns in the classroom.

The 4th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in a 2-1 decision it released on Jan. 28 ruled against Kimberly Polk.

The policy states that “all students have the right to be referred to by their identified name and/or pronoun.”

“School staff members should address students by the name and pronoun corresponding to the gender identity that is consistently asserted at school,” it reads. “Students are not required to change their permanent student records as described in the next section (e.g., obtain a court-ordered name and/or new birth certificate) as a prerequisite to being addressed by the name and pronoun that corresponds to their identified name. To the extent possible, and consistent with these guidelines, school personnel will make efforts to maintain the confidentiality of the student’s transgender status.”

The Washington Post reported Polk, who became a substitute teacher in Montgomery County in 2021, in November 2022 requested a “religious accommodation, claiming that the policy went against her ‘sincerely held religious beliefs,’ which are ‘based on her understanding of her Christian religion and the Holy Bible.’”

U.S. District Judge Deborah Boardman in January 2025 dismissed Polk’s lawsuit that she filed in federal court in Beltsville. Polk appealed the decision to the 4th Circuit.

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