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Homophobia rampant in U.S. sports: study

Research shows more lesbian athletes out than gay men

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Matt Murtaugh, D.C. Gay Flag Football League, DCGFFL, gay news, Washington Blade
DCGFFL, D.C. Gay Flag Football League, sports, gay news, Washington Blade

Being out on the field often opens gay and lesbian players to discrimination a new study finds. (Washington Blade file photo by Michael Key)

On the heels of Michael Sam being drafted into the NFL and subsequently cut from the league, Out on the Fields, a new study, has found the United States to be the most homophobic English-speaking country in sports.

Out on the Fields billed the study as the first international study focusing on homophobia in sports. People who participated in the online survey were from various sports backgrounds with about 25 percent of participants identifying as heterosexual. The study’s findings concluded that although LGBT issues have made great strides in the United States overall, there is still more work to be done on the field. The study also chose to only focus on lesbian, gay and bisexual issues and excluded examining trans issues in sports.

According to the study, spectator stands and school physical education classes were the two places that had the most rampant homophobia. The study found that 83 percent of participants believe an openly gay person would not be safe as a spectator at a sporting event. The study also states that 78 percent of those polled feel youth sports, for those under 22 years old, are not safe spaces for LGB people. Susan Rankin, a senior research associate at Pennsylvania State University, sat on Out of the Fields’ expert review panel and believes LGB children are most susceptible to encountering issues during physical education classes.

“You’re changing, you’re in the locker room,” Rankin says. “You’re a little more vulnerable there than you would be in English class.”

That vulnerability in athleticism is why those who participate in sports can feel trapped. The study states that 50 percent of gay men and 53 percent of lesbians feel personally targeted for their sexual orientation in sports. Rankin credits that statistic to gay men not being as out in sports as lesbians.

Gay men are less likely to come out to their team or coach while they are on a sports team. Meanwhile, lesbians are more likely to be out and identify themselves as queer publicly. The study says that 83 percent of gay men remain in the closet to all or some of their team while only 63 percent of lesbians report being in the closet to some or all of their team. American gay men were also more likely to fear discrimination from their coaches and officials than gay men in any other country surveyed.

Gay men’s fear of coming out versus lesbians being more open also means lesbians are more likely to be targeted because they’re more visible. Rankin says she knows it to be true that lesbians are targeted from her own personal experience.

“The label of lesbianism in sports is one that women would go to great lengths generations ago to not come across as gay so they wouldn’t get dropped,” she says.

Another large part of sports culture is the frequent use of homophobic language. Those who had experienced homophobia reported 89 percent of gay men and 82 percent of lesbians had heard homophobic slurs. Rankin says the reason homophobic language is used often is because of the way sports have been structured over the generations. That structure is going to take time to deconstruct.

“It’s an area where masculinity and femininity are highlighted,” Rankin says. “It’s around gender and what that looks like and not going outside of those roles and challenging them. It’s the last dash for us to move through.”

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Sports

New IOC policy bans trans women from Olympics

New regulation to be in effect at 2028 summer games in Los Angeles

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(Photo by Greg Martin; courtesy IOC)

The International Olympic Committee on Thursday announced it will not allow transgender women from competing in female events at the Olympics.

“For all disciplines on the Sports Program of an IOC event, including individual and team sports, eligibility for any Female Category is limited to biological females,” reads the new policy.

The policy states “eligibility for the Female Category is to be determined in the first instance by SRY Gene screening to detect the absence or presence of the SRY Gene.”

“On the basis of the scientific evidence, the IOC considers that the SRY (sex-determining Region Y) Gene is fixed throughout life and represents highly accurate evidence that an athlete has experienced or will experience male sex development,” it reads. “Furthermore, the IOC considers that SRY Gene screening via saliva, cheek swab or blood sample is unintrusive compared to other possible methods. Athletes who screen negative for the SRY gene permanently satisfy this policy’s eligibility criteria for competition in the Female Category.”

The policy states the test “will be a once-in-a-lifetime test” unless “there is reason to believe a negative reading is in error.”

The new regulation will be in place for the 2028 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.

“I understand that this a very sensitive topic,” said IOC President Kirsty Coventry on Thursday in a video. “As a former athlete, I passionately believe in the rights of all Olympians to take part in fair competition.”

“The policy that we have announced is based on science and it has been led by medical experts with the best interests of athletes at its heart. The scientific evidence is very clear: male chromosomes give performance advances in sport that rely on strength, power, or endurance,” she added. “At the Olympic Games, even the smallest margins can be the difference between victory and defeat. So, it is absolutely clear that it would not be fair for biological males to compete in the female category. In addition, in some sports it would simply not be safe.”

(Video courtesy of the IOC)

Laurel Hubbard, a weightlifter from New Zealand, in 2021 became the first trans woman to compete at the Olympics.

Imane Khelif, an Algerian boxer, won a gold medal at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris. Khelif later sued JK Rowling and Elon Musk for cyberstalking after they questioned her gender identity.

Ellis Lundholm, a mogul skier from Sweden, this year became the first openly trans athlete to compete in any Winter Olympics when he participated in Milan Cortina Winter Olympics in Italy.

President Donald Trump in February 2025 issued an executive order that bans trans women and girls from female sports teams in the U.S.

The U.S. Olympic and Paralympic Committee last July banned trans women from competing in female sporting events. Republican lawmakers have demanded the IOC ban trans athletes from women’s athletic competitions.

“I’m grateful the Olympics finally embraced the common sense policy that women’s sports are for women, not for men,” said U.S. Sen. Tom Cotton (R-Ark.) on X.

An IOC spokesperson on Thursday referred the Washington Blade to the press release that announced the new policy.

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More than a dozen LGBTQ athletes medal at Olympics

Milan Cortina games ended Sunday

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Gay French ice dancer Guillaume Cizeron, left, is among the LGBTQ athletes who medaled at the Milan Cortina Winter Olympics that ended on Feb. 22, 2026. (Screenshot via NBC Sports/YouTube)

More than a dozen LGBTQ athletes won medals at the Milan Cortina Winter Olympics that ended on Sunday.

Cayla Barnes, Hilary Knight, and Alex Carpenter are LGBTQ members of the U.S. women’s hockey team that won a gold medal after they defeated Canada in overtime. Knight the day before the Feb. 19 match proposed to her girlfriend, Brittany Bowe, an Olympic speed skater.

French ice dancer Guillaume Cizeron, who is gay, and his partner Laurence Fournier Beaudry won gold. American alpine skier Breezy Johnson, who is bisexual, won gold in the women’s downhill. Amber Glenn, who identifies as bisexual and pansexual, was part of the American figure skating team that won gold in the team event.

Swiss freestyle skier Mathilde Gremaud, who is in a relationship with Vali Höll, an Austrian mountain biker, won gold in women’s freeski slopestyle.

Bruce Mouat, who is the captain of the British curling team that won a silver medal, is gay. Six members of the Canadian women’s hockey team — Emily Clark, Erin Ambrose, Emerance Maschmeyer, Brianne Jenner, Laura Stacey, and Marie-Philip Poulin — that won silver are LGBTQ.

Swedish freestyle skier Sandra Naeslund, who is a lesbian, won a bronze medal in ski cross.

Belgian speed skater Tineke den Dulk, who is bisexual, was part of her country’s mixed 2000-meter relay that won bronze. Canadian ice dancer Paul Poirier, who is gay, and his partner, Piper Gilles, won bronze.

Laura Zimmermann, who is queer, is a member of the Swiss women’s hockey team that won bronze when they defeated Sweden.

Outsports.com notes all of the LGBTQ Olympians who competed at the games and who medaled.

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US wins Olympic gold medal in women’s hockey

Team captain Hilary Knight proposed to girlfriend on Wednesday

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(Public domain photo)

The U.S. women’s hockey team on Thursday won a gold medal at the Milan Cortina Winter Olympics.

Team USA defeated Canada 2-1 in overtime. The game took place a day after Team USA captain Hilary Knight proposed to her girlfriend, Brittany Bowe, an Olympic speed skater.

Cayla Barnes and Alex Carpenter — Knight’s teammates — are also LGBTQ. They are among the more than 40 openly LGBTQ athletes who are competing in the games.

The Olympics will end on Sunday.

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